Access disconnection systems and methods

• US 20060116623A1
• Filed: 01/16/2006
• Published: 06/01/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Inventors: Han, James, Hartranft, Thomas P., Lasso, Angel, Kelly, Thomas D.
• Granted Patent: US 7,682,328 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 604/4.10
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/30 Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3653 Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3656 Monitoring patency or flow at connection sites; Detecting disconnections
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3659 Cannulae pertaining to extracorporeal circulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3661 for haemodialysis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3669 Electrical impedance measurement of body fluids; transducers specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/13 with means for the detection of operative contact with patient, e.g. lip sensor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 439/909 Medical use or attached to human body

Abstract

An extracorporeal blood system includes: (i) an extracorporeal blood machine; an extracorporeal blood circuit coupled operably to the machine, the extracorporeal blood circuit including first and second blood lines, the blood lines configured to be in blood flow communication with a patient; (ii) an electrical loop including first and second electrodes placed in contact with blood flowing through the extracorporeal blood circuit; (iii) a device configured to inject an electrical signal into the blood circuit via the loop; and (iv) a third electrode placed in contact with blood flowing through the extracorporeal blood circuit, the third electrode configured to enable a change in an electrical value to be measured so that an access disconnection of the extracorporeal blood circuit from the patient can be measured.

Claims

1. An extracorporeal blood system comprising:

an extracorporeal blood machine;

an extracorporeal blood circuit coupled operably to the machine, the extracorporeal blood circuit including first and second blood lines, the blood lines configured to be in blood flow communication with a patient;

an electrical loop including first and second electrodes placed in contact with blood flowing through the extracorporeal blood circuit;

a device configured to inject an electrical signal into the blood circuit via the loop; and

a third electrode placed in contact with blood flowing through the extracorporeal blood circuit, the third electrode configured to enable a change in an electrical value to be measured so that an access disconnection of the extracorporeal blood circuit from the patient can be measured.

2. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 1, wherein an induction coil is coupled to the extracorporeal blood circuit at the third electrode.

3. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 1, wherein the loop is configured to bypass at least one component of the extracorporeal blood machine.

4. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 3, wherein the bypassed component is selected from the group consisting of:

a bubble trap, a blood pump, a blood treatment device, a dialysis machine and combinations thereof.

5. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 1, wherein the third electrode is coupled capacitively to the first and second blood lines.

6. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 1, wherein the electrical value is of a type selected from the group consisting of:

voltage, resistance, impedance, current, rate of changes thereof and combinations thereof.

7. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 1, wherein the change in electrical value is measured in response to dislodgment of a needle from the patient, the needle coupled to the extracorporeal blood circuit.

8. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 1, wherein the extracorporeal blood machine is of a type selected from the group consisting of:

hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, continuous renal replacement therapy and peritoneal dialysis.

9. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 1, which includes a measuring device configured to measure the change in electrical value at the third electrode.

10. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 9, further comprising an analyzer coupled operably to the measuring device, the analyzer configured to process a signal derived from the measuring device, the signal indicative of the change in electrical value.

11. An extracorporeal blood system comprising:

an extracorporeal blood machine including an extracorporeal blood circuit;

an access device enabling the extracorporeal blood circuit to be connected to a patient;

a pair of contacts configured to contact blood as blood flows through the extracorporeal blood circuit, the electrodes enabling an electrical signal to be injected into the extracorporeal blood circuit; and

a measuring device coupled to the extracorporeal blood circuit at a third contact, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure a change in an electrical value in response to dislodgment of the access device from the patient.

12. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein an induction coil is coupled to the extracorporeal blood circuit at the third contact.

13. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein the third contact includes an electrode attached to the extracorporeal blood circuit.

14. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein the third contact includes a capacitive or inductive coupler attached to the extracorporeal blood circuit.

15. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein the electrical value is of a type selected from the group consisting of:

voltage, resistance, impedance, current, rate of changes thereof and combinations thereof.

16. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure a change in impedance in response to dislodgment of the access device from the patient.

17. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein the first and second contacts are configured to bypass at least a portion of the extracorporeal blood machine.

18. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein a controller is attached to at least one of the contacts, the controller configured to process a signal indicative of a the change of in the electrical value.

20. The extracorporeal blood system claim 18, wherein the controller is configured to automatically terminate a therapy performed using the extracorporeal blood machine in response to dislodgment of the access device from the patient.

21. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein the access device is of a type selected from the group consisting of:

a needle, a catheter, a venous needle and an arterial needle.

22. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein the electrical contacts are attached to a chassis of the extracorporeal blood machine.

23. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 11, wherein the extracorporeal blood machine is of a type selected from the group consisting of:

hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, continuous renal replacement therapy and peritoneal dialysis.

24. An extracorporeal blood system comprising:

an extracorporeal blood machine including an extracorporeal blood circuit;

an access device enabling the extracorporeal blood circuit to be connected to a patient;

a pair of contacts configured to contact blood as the blood flows through the extracorporeal blood circuit;

an induction coil coupled operably to the extracorporeal blood circuit; and

an inductive coupling including a first member and a second member movably attached to the first member allowing the first member and the second member to be positioned in an open arrangement and a closed arrangement, wherein the induction coil is placed around at least a portion of at least one of the first and second.

25. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 24, wherein the first member is connected hingedly to the second member.

26. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 24, wherein at least a portion of the first and second members is made of a material having a magnetic permeability in an amount effective to converge an electromagnetic field into the induction coil.

27. The extracorporeal blood system of claim 24, wherein the extracorporeal blood machine is of a type selected from the group consisting of:

hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, continuous renal replacement therapy and peritoneal dialysis.