Method for treating metal-contaminated water and soil

• US 20060120805A1
• Filed: 01/19/2006
• Published: 06/08/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NORAM Engineering and Constructors Ltd.
• Original Assignee: NORAM Engineering and Constructors Ltd.
• Inventors: Zhuang, J. Ming
• Granted Patent: US 7,419,605 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 405/128.500
• CPC Class Codes: B09C 1/08 chemically
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/5245 using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/5263 using natural chemical compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/54 using organic material
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/56 Macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/66 by neutralisation; pH adjustment for degassing C02F1/20; using ion-exchange C02F1/42; for flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities C02F1/52; for removing dissolved compounds C02F1/58
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2101/20 Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2101/22 Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2103/06 Contaminated groundwater or leachate
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2103/10 from quarries or from mining activities
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/912 Heavy metal
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/913 Chromium
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/914 Mercury

Abstract

A method for removing metal contaminants from water uses lignin derivatives, such as lignosulfonates and kraft lignin, a coagulant, such as a metal salt, and a pH-increasing composition. The lignin derivative is dispersed in the contaminated water, the coagulant is added and the pH is adjusted as required to cause flocculation. A sludge is formed that contains the metals and that is separated from the treated water by filtration. Related methods are used to reduce the leachable metal content of contaminated soils. The invention also provides a composition for stabilizing the metal contaminants in soil, comprising lignin derivatives, a coagulant and a composition for increasing the pH. The mixture is blended with the contaminated soil, reducing its leachable metal content.

Claims

1. A method of removing metal contaminants from water, comprising the steps of:

(a) dispersing lignin derivatives in said metal-contaminated water;

(b) dispersing a coagulant in the mixture formed in step (a);

(c) causing the formation of a floc in the mixture formed in step (b);

(d) allowing said floc to coagulate and form a sludge; and

(e) separating said sludge from an aqueous filtrate.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said step of causing the formation of a floc comprises adjusting the pH of said water being treated so as to cause flocculation.

4. A method according to claim 1 wherein said metal contaminants comprise one or more of mercury, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc and aluminum.

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein said lignin derivatives comprise lignosulfonates.

6. A method according to claim 1 wherein said lignin derivatives comprise kraft lignin.

7. A method according to claim 1 wherein said lignin derivatives comprise sulfonated kraft lignin salts.

8. A method according to claim 4 wherein said lignosulfonates comprise one or more of:

(i) ammonium lignosulfonates;

(ii) calcium lignosulfonates;

(iii) sodium lignosulfonates; and

(iv) potassium lignosulfonates.

9. A method according to claim 7 wherein said sulfonated kraft lignin salts comprise sulfonated kraft lignin salts of ammonium, calcium, sodium or potassium.

10. A method according to claim 1 wherein said coagulant is an iron salt.

11. A method according to claim 10 wherein said iron salt is ferric chloride.

12. A method according to claim 10 wherein said iron salt is ferric sulfate.

13. A method according to claim 1 wherein said coagulant is an aluminum salt.

14. A method according to claim 13 wherein said aluminum salt is aluminum chloride or aluminum sulfate.

15. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mass ratio of said lignin derivatives to said coagulants is at least 1:

0.5.

16. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mass ratio of said lignin derivatives to said coagulants is at least 1:

1.

17. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mass ratio of said lignin derivatives to said coagulants is at least 1:

2.

18. A method according to claim 3 wherein said pH is adjusted by the addition of one or more of hydrated lime, calcium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, soda ash and sodium hydroxide.

19. A method according to claim 3 wherein said pH is adjusted to a pH in the range 4-10.

20. A method according to claim 3 wherein said pH is adjusted to a pH in the range of 5-6.

21. A method according to claim 1 wherein step (d) comprises allowing said floc to settle in a clarifier.

22. A method according to claim 1 wherein step (e) comprises removing said sludge by filtration.

2. A method of removing metal contaminants from water, comprising the steps of:

(a) dispersing lignin derivatives in said metal-contaminated water;

(b) dispersing a coagulant in the mixture formed in step (a);

(c) causing the formation of a floc in the mixture formed in step (b); and

(d) separating said floc from an aqueous filtrate.

23. A method of removing metal contaminants from water, comprising the steps of:

(a) dispersing lignin derivatives in said metal-contaminated water, said lignin derivatives comprising one or more of lignosulfonates and kraft lignin.

(b) dispersing ferric chloride in the mixture formed in step (a), the mass ratio of the lignin derivatives to the ferric chloride being at least 1;

1;

(c) adjusting the pH of the mixture formed in step (b) to a pH in the range of 4-10, causing the formation of a floc;

(d) allowing said floc to settle, resulting in a liquid and a ferric sludge; and

(e) separating said sludge from said liquid.