Method and electronic circuit for efficient battery wake up charging

• US 20060139005A1
• Filed: 02/16/2006
• Published: 06/29/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: O2 Micro International Limited (O2 Micro Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: O2 Micro International Limited (O2 Micro Incorporated)
• Inventors: Bucur, Constantin, Niculae, Marian
• Granted Patent: US 7,564,220 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 320/132
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 5/00 Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks H02J3/36 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0018 using separate charge circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0025 Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0068 Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply H02J7/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0069 Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00714 in response to battery charging or discharging current
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007182 in response to battery voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/02 for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/04 Regulation of charging current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/34 Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering H02J7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/061 for DC powered loads
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0045 Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A method for efficiently charging a battery. The method includes producing a first signal having a voltage level dependent on the voltage of the battery, comparing the voltage level of the first signal with a settable voltage representative of a maximum battery charging current, and producing a second signal representative of a charging current to be provided to the battery, the second signal having a voltage level selected to be the lower voltage level between the first signal and the settable voltage.

Claims

1. A method for charging a battery, the method comprising the steps of:

producing a first signal having a voltage level dependent on the voltage of said battery;

comparing the voltage level of said first signal with a settable voltage representative of a maximum battery charging current; and

producing a second signal representative of a charging current to be provided to said battery, said second signal having a voltage level selected to be the lower voltage level between said first signal and said settable voltage.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of providing said second signal to a current regulating circuitry capable of receiving said second signal and maintaining said charging current delivered to the battery at a value corresponding to the voltage level of said second signal.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the voltage level of said first signal increases linearly with the battery voltage by a settable factor and has a settable minimum value at a settable minimum voltage of said battery.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the values of said settable factor and said settable minimum value are set in order to satisfy an operating condition of said current regulating circuitry.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said current regulating circuitry comprising a current flow controlling device and said operating condition of said current regulating circuitry being a maximum allowable power dissipation on said current flow controlling device.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the values of said settable factor and said settable minimum value being set to ensure the power dissipation on said current flow controlling device to be lower than said maximum allowable power dissipation for any battery voltage within a specified range.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein said current flow controlling device comprising a field effect transistor or a bipolar transistor.

8. A variable wake up level circuit for providing a wake up signal representative of a charging current to be delivered to a battery, said variable wake up level circuit comprising:

a signal processing circuit receiving a first settable voltage representative of a minimum wake up current and a third signal representative of a battery voltage, wherein said signal processing circuit adapted to produce a first output signal with a voltage level dependent on the voltage levels of said first settable voltage and said third signal;

a comparison circuit adapted to receive said first output signal and a second settable voltage representative of a maximum allowable wake up current and to produce said wake up signal, wherein said wake up signal having a voltage with a lower voltage level selected between said first output signal and said second settable voltage.

9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein said signal processing circuit being capable of setting said first output signal equal to said first settable voltage when said third signal is at a settable minimum voltage of said battery, and capable of enabling said first output signal to increase linearly by a settable factor with said third signal.

10. The circuit of claim 9, wherein said signal processing circuit comprising a summing-type circuit, said summing-type circuit comprising at least an operational amplifier and a plurality of resistors, the value of said settable factor being set by the choice of the values of said plurality of resistors.

11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein said summing-type circuit comprising:

a first input terminal receiving said first settable voltage;

a second input terminal receiving said third signal;

a summation output terminal outputting said first output signal;

an operational amplifier having an inverting terminal, a non-inverting terminal and an amplifier output terminal, wherein said summation output terminal being coupled to said amplifier output terminal;

a first resistor coupled between said first input terminal and said non-inverting terminal;

a second resistor coupled between said second input terminal and said non-inverting terminal;

a third resistor coupled between said inverting terminal and said summation output terminal;

a fourth resistor coupled between said inverting terminal and the ground; and

a fifth resistor coupled between said non-inverting terminal and the ground.

12. The circuit of claim 8, wherein said comparison circuit further comprising:

a comparator adapted to receive said first output signal at a first input terminal and said second settable voltage at a second input terminal and to produce a comparison output signal in response to the difference between said first output signal and said second settable voltage;

a switch driving circuit responsive to said comparison output signal by generating a first command signal and a second command signal;

a first switch coupled to said first input terminal of said comparator and to the output of said comparison circuit, said first switch responsive to said first command signal; and

a second switch coupled to said second input terminal of said comparator and to the output of said comparison circuit, said second switch responsive to said second command signal.

13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein said first and second switch having an ON state and an OFF state, said first switch being in ON state and said second switch being in OFF state when the voltage level of said first output signal is lower than said second settable voltage, said first switch being in OFF state and said second switch being in ON state when the voltage level of said first output signal is higher than said second settable voltage.

14. The circuit of claim 8, further comprising a reference voltage circuit, wherein said first settable voltage being provided to said signal processing circuit by said voltage reference circuit.

15. A variable wake up current circuit for at least setting and controlling a wake up current delivered to a battery via a current flow controlling device connected in series with a battery charging path, said variable wake up current circuit comprising:

a variable wake up level circuit, wherein said variable wake up level circuit being responsive to a first signal representative of an instantaneous voltage of said battery, a first settable voltage representative of a minimum wake up current of said battery and a second settable voltage representative of a maximum allowable wake up current of said battery, said variable wake up level circuit generating a wake up signal representative of said wake up current for charging said battery, wherein said wake up signal having a voltage level dependent at least on the voltage levels of said first settable voltage and said first signal;

an error amplifier receiving said wake up signal and a battery current sense signal representative of an instantaneous charging current of said battery, wherein said instantaneous charging current flowing through said current flow controlling device, and said error amplifier generating an error signal in response to a difference between said wake up signal and said battery current sense signal; and

a driving circuit adapted to output a device driving signal in response to at least said error signal, wherein said device driving signal capable of commanding said current flow controlling device to maintain said instantaneous charging current at a level based on said wake up signal.

16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein said variable wake up level circuit further comprising:

a signal processing circuit receiving said first signal and said first settable voltage, wherein said signal processing circuit adapted to produce a first output signal with a voltage level dependent on the voltage levels of said first signal and said first settable voltage; and

a comparison circuit adapted to receive said first output signal and said second settable voltage and to produce said wake up signal, wherein said wake up signal having a voltage with a lower voltage level selected between said first output signal and said second settable voltage.

17. The circuit of claim 16, wherein said signal processing circuit being capable of setting said first output signal equal to said first settable voltage when said first signal is at a settable minimum voltage of said battery, and capable of enabling said first output signal to increase linearly by a settable factor with said first signal.

18. The circuit of claim 17, wherein said signal processing circuit comprising a summing-type circuit, said summing-type circuit comprising at least an operational amplifier and a plurality of resistors, the value of said settable factor being set by the choice of the values of said plurality of resistors.

19. The circuit of claim 18, wherein said summing-type circuit comprising:

a first input terminal receiving said first settable voltage;

a second input terminal receiving said third signal;

a summation output terminal outputting said first output signal;

an operational amplifier having an inverting terminal, a non-inverting terminal and an amplifier output terminal, wherein said summation output terminal being coupled to said amplifier output terminal;

a first resistor coupled between said first input terminal and said non-inverting terminal;

a second resistor coupled between said second input terminal and said non-inverting terminal;

a third resistor coupled between said inverting terminal and said summation output terminal;

a fourth resistor coupled between said inverting terminal and the ground; and

a fifth resistor coupled between said non-inverting terminal and the ground.

20. The circuit of claim 16, wherein said comparison circuit further comprises:

a comparator adapted to receive said first output signal at a first input terminal and said second settable voltage at a second input terminal and to produce a comparison output signal in response to a difference between said first output signal and said second settable voltage;

a switch driving circuit responsive to said comparison output signal by generating a first command signal and a second command signal;

a first switch coupled to said first input terminal of said comparator and to the output of said comparison circuit, said first switch responsive to said first command signal; and

a second switch coupled to said second input terminal of said comparator and to the output of said comparison circuit, said second switch responsive to said second command signal.

21. The circuit of claim 20, wherein said first and second switch having an ON state and an OFF state, said first switch being in ON state and said second switch being in OFF state when the voltage level of said first output signal is lower than said second settable voltage, said first switch being in OFF state and said second switch being in ON state when the voltage level of said first output signal is higher than said second settable voltage.

22. The circuit of claim 15, wherein said variable wake up level circuit further comprising a reference voltage circuit, said first settable voltage being provided to said signal processing circuit by said voltage reference circuit.

23. A battery charging apparatus for charging a rechargeable battery, comprising:

a current path toward the rechargeable battery;

a current flow controlling device coupled in series with said current path, wherein said current flowing controlling device being adapted to control a charging current delivered to said battery; and

a variable wake up current circuit, wherein said variable wake up current circuit being adapted to provide a device driving signal to said current flow controlling device in response to at least a first signal representative of an instantaneous voltage of said battery, a first settable voltage representative of a minimum value of a wake up charging current of said battery, a second settable voltage representative of a maximum allowable wake up charging current of said battery, and a battery current sense signal representative of the instantaneous charging current of said battery, wherein said current flow controlling device being adapted to receive said device driving signal on a command terminal and to maintain said charging current at a level dependent on the voltage level of said device driving signal.

24. The battery charging apparatus of claim 23, wherein said current flow controlling device having a rated maximum allowable power dissipation, said variable wake up circuit being further adapted to maintain the level of said device driving signal to ensure the power dissipation on said current flow controlling device to be lower than said rated maximum allowable power dissipation for any battery voltage within a specified range.

25. The battery charging apparatus of claim 23, wherein said variable wake up current circuit further comprising:

a variable wake up level circuit, wherein said variable wake up level circuit receiving said first signal, said first settable voltage and said second settable voltage, said variable wake up level circuit generating a wake up signal representative of said wake up current for charging said battery, wherein said wake up signal having a voltage level dependent at least on the voltage levels of said first settable voltage and said first signal;

an error amplifier receiving said wake up signal and said battery current sense signal, wherein said error amplifier generating an error signal in response to a difference between said wake up signal and said battery current sense signal; and

a driving circuit adapted to output said device driving signal in response to at least said error signal, wherein said device driving signal capable of commanding said current flow controlling device to maintain said instantaneous charging current at a level based on said wake up signal.

26. The battery charging apparatus of claim 25, wherein said variable wake up level circuit comprising:

a signal processing circuit receiving said first signal and said first settable voltage, wherein said signal processing circuit adapted to produce a first output signal with a voltage level dependent on the voltage levels of said first signal and said first settable voltage; and

a comparison circuit adapted to receive said first output signal and said second settable voltage and to produce said wake up signal, wherein said wake up signal having a voltage with a lower voltage level selected between said first output signal and said second settable voltage.

27. The battery charging apparatus of claim 26, wherein said signal processing circuit being capable of setting said first output signal equal to said first settable voltage when said first signal is at a settable minimum voltage of said battery, and capable of enabling said first output signal to increase linearly by a settable factor with said first signal.

28. The battery charging apparatus of claim 26, wherein said signal processing circuit comprising a summing-type circuit, said summing-type circuit comprising at least an operational amplifier and a plurality of resistors, the value of said settable factor being set by the choice of the values of said plurality of resistors.

29. The battery charging apparatus of claim 28, wherein said summing-type circuit comprising:

a first input terminal receiving said first settable voltage;

a second input terminal receiving said third signal;

a summation output terminal outputting said first output signal;

an operational amplifier having an inverting terminal, a non-inverting terminal and an amplifier output terminal, wherein said summation output terminal being coupled to said amplifier output terminal;

a first resistor coupled between said first input terminal and said non-inverting terminal;

a second resistor coupled between said second input terminal and said non-inverting terminal;

a third resistor coupled between said inverting terminal and said summation output terminal;

a fourth resistor coupled between said inverting terminal and the ground; and

a fifth resistor coupled between said non-inverting terminal and the ground.

30. The battery charging apparatus of claim 26, wherein said comparison circuit further comprises:

a comparator adapted to receive said first output signal at a first input terminal and said second settable voltage at a second input terminal and to produce a comparison output signal in response to the difference between said first output signal and said second settable voltage;

a switch driving circuit responsive to said comparison output signal by generating a first command signal and a second command signal;

a first switch coupled to said first input terminal of said comparator and to the output of said comparison circuit, said first switch responsive to said first command signal; and

a second switch coupled to said second input terminal of said comparator and to the output of said comparison circuit, said second switch responsive to said second command signal.

31. The battery charging apparatus of claim 30, wherein said first and second switch having an ON state and an OFF state, said first switch being in ON state and said second switch being in OFF state when the voltage level of said first output signal is lower than said second settable voltage, said first switch being in OFF state and said second switch being in ON state when the voltage level of said first output signal is higher than said second settable voltage.

32. The battery charging apparatus of claim 25, wherein said variable wake up level circuit further comprising a reference voltage circuit, said first settable voltage being provided to said signal processing circuit by said voltage reference circuit.

33. The battery charging apparatus of claim 23, wherein said current flow controlling comprising a bipolar or a field effect transistor.