Long life lithium batteries with stabilized electrodes
First Claim
1. An electrolyte comprising:
- an alkali metal salt;
a polar aprotic solvent; and
an electrode stabilizing additive, capable of forming a passivating film on the surface of an electrode;
wherein the electrode stabilizing additive is a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon, other than a spirocyclic hydrocarbon, comprising at least one oxygen atom and at least one aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; and
wherein the electrolyte is substantially non-aqueous.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The present invention relates to non-aqueous electrolytes having electrode stabilizing additives, stabilized electrodes, and electrochemical devices containing the same. Thus the present invention provides electrolytes containing an alkali metal salt, a polar aprotic solvent, and an electrode stabilizing additive. In certain electrolytes, the alkali metal salt is a bis(chelato)borate and the additives include substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbons comprising at least one oxygen atom and at least one aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl group. In other electrolytes, the additives include a substituted aryl compound or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl compound wherein the additive comprises at least one oxygen atom. There are also provided methods of making the electrolytes and batteries employing the electrolytes. The invention also provides for electrode materials. Cathodes of the present invention may be further stabilized by surface coating the particles of the spinel or olivine with a material that can neutralize acid or otherwise lessen or prevent leaching of the manganese or iron ions. In some embodiments the coating is polymeric and in other embodiments the coating is a metal oxide such as ZrO2, TiO2, ZnO, WO3, Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, SnO2 AlPO4, Al(OH)3, a mixture of any two or more thereof.
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Citations
21 Claims
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1. An electrolyte comprising:
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an alkali metal salt;
a polar aprotic solvent; and
an electrode stabilizing additive, capable of forming a passivating film on the surface of an electrode;
wherein the electrode stabilizing additive is a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon, other than a spirocyclic hydrocarbon, comprising at least one oxygen atom and at least one aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; and
wherein the electrolyte is substantially non-aqueous. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. An electrolyte comprising:
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an alkali metal salt;
a polar aprotic solvent; and
an electrode stabilizing additive, capable of forming a passivating film on the surface of an electrode;
wherein the electrode stabilizing additive is a substituted aryl or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, comprising at least one oxygen atom; and
wherein the electrolyte is substantially non-aqueous. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. An electrolyte comprising:
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a lithium metal salt other than Li[(C2O4)2B], Li[(C2O4)BF2], or LiPF2(C2O4)2;
a polar aprotic solvent; and
a first electrode stabilizing additive that is a lithium (chelato)borate or a lithium (chelato)phosphate;
a second electrode stabilizing additive, capable of forming a passivating film on the surface of an electrode;
wherein the second electrode stabilizing additive is a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon, other than a spirocyclic hydrocarbon, comprising at least one oxygen atom and at least one aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; and
wherein the electrolyte is substantially non-aqueous. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21)
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Specification