Method and apparatus for transforming two-dimensional building data to three-dimensional building data in real time and method and apparatus for three-dimensionally visualizing two-dimensional building data in real time

• US 20060152503A1
• Filed: 07/21/2005
• Published: 07/13/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/2005
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
• Inventors: Lee, Shinjun, Lee, Heesae, Kim, Dokyoon, Ahn, Jeonghwan, Lee, Keechang
• Application Number:
  US11/185,858
• Publication Number:
  US 20060152503A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 345/419
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 11/00 Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/3638 including 3D objects and buildings three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects G06T17/00; geographic models G06T17/05
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 30/13 Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/20 Perspective computation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/05 Geographic models

Abstract

A method of and apparatus for transforming two-dimensional building data to three-dimensional building data in real time and a method and apparatus for three-dimensionally visualizing two-dimensional building data in real time. The method of transforming two-dimensional building data to three-dimensional building data in real time includes: determining a relative distance between a building and a reference point; selecting a visualization scheme for the building according to the determined relative distance; and generating the three-dimensional building data using building story information based on the selected visualization scheme. Accordingly, the buildings are depicted with different visualization schemes according to a relative distance between each of the buildings and a reference point, so that reality of the three-dimensional visualization can be improved and intuitive perception and convenience can be provided to a user.

Claims

1. A method of transforming two-dimensional building data to three-dimensional building data in real time, comprising:

determining a relative distance between a building and a reference point;

selecting a visualization scheme for the building according to the determined relative distance; and

generating the three-dimensional building data using building story information based on the selected visualization scheme.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference point is a user'"'"'s position.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference point is a position of a camera.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting includes:

selecting a first building visualization scheme where only a bottom surface of the building is depicted when the relative distance is shorter than a distance d0, distance d0 being a positive real number;

selecting a second building visualization scheme where the building is depicted semi-transparently or transparently when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d0 and shorter than a distance d1, distance d1 being larger than d0;

selecting a third building visualization scheme where the building is depicted with shading when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d1 and shorter than a distance d2, distance d2 being larger than d1;

selecting a fourth building visualization scheme where a texture array is applied on an outside wall of the building when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d2 and shorter than a distance d3, distance d3 being larger than d2; and

selecting a fifth building visualization scheme where the building is not depicted when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d3.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating includes generating three-dimensional data by adding a height coordinate of 0 to the two-dimensional data when the building visualization scheme is a scheme where only a bottom surface of the building is depicted.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating includes:

generating three-dimensional top surface data corresponding to a top surface of the building;

generating three-dimensional bottom surface data corresponding to a bottom surface of the building; and

generating three-dimensional side surface data corresponding to a side surface of the building.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the generating three-dimensional top surface data includes generating the three-dimensional top surface data of the building by adding a height coordinate to the two-dimensional data, where the height coordinate is a product of a number of stories of the building and a height transformation constant.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the generating three-dimensional bottom surface data includes generating three-dimensional bottom surface data of the building by adding a height coordinate of 0 to the two-dimensional data.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the generating three-dimensional side surface data includes generating the three-dimensional side surface data of the building, wherein the side surface data has a triangle strip structure where vertexes on the top surface and vertexes on the bottom surface are alternately arranged.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the generating includes transforming the three-dimensional top surface data and the three-dimensional bottom surface in a format of a triangle fan when a two-dimensional shape of the building is a convex polygon.

11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the generating includes transforming the three-dimensional top surface data and the three-dimensional bottom surface in a format of at least one segmented triangles when a two-dimensional shape of the building is a concave polygon.

12. An apparatus for transforming two-dimensional building data to three-dimensional building data in real time, comprising:

a distance determination unit determining a relative distance between a building and a reference point;

an appearance selection unit selecting a visualization scheme for the building according to the determined relative distance; and

a three-dimensional data generation unit generating the three-dimensional building data using building story information based on the selected visualization scheme.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the reference point is a user'"'"'s position.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the reference point is a position of a camera.

15. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the appearance selection unit comprises:

a first building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a first building visualization scheme where only a bottom surface of the building is depicted when the relative distance is shorter than a distance d0, distance d0 being a positive real number;

a second building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a second building visualization scheme where the building is depicted semi-transparently or transparently when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d0 and shorter than a distance d1, distance d1 being larger than d0;

a third building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a third building visualization scheme where the building is depicted with shading when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d1 and shorter than a distance d2, distance d2 being larger than d1;

a fourth building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a fourth building visualization scheme where a texture array is applied on an outside wall of the building when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d2 and shorter than a distance d3, distance d3 being larger than d2; and

a fifth building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a fifth building visualization scheme where the building is not depicted when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d3.

16. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the three-dimensional data generation unit includes a bottom height coordinate addition unit generating three-dimensional data by adding a height coordinate of 0 to the two-dimensional data when the building visualization scheme is a scheme where only a bottom surface of the building is depicted.

17. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the three-dimensional data generation unit includes:

a top surface data generation unit generating three-dimensional top surface data corresponding to a top surface of the building;

a bottom surface data generation unit generating three-dimensional bottom surface data corresponding to a bottom surface of the building; and

a side surface data generation unit generating three-dimensional side surface data corresponding to a side surface of the building.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the top surface data generation unit includes a height coordinate addition unit generating the three-dimensional top surface data of the building by adding a height coordinate to the two-dimensional data, where the height coordinate is a product of a number of stories of the building and a height transformation constant.

19. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the bottom surface data generation unit includes a bottom height coordinate addition unit generating three-dimensional bottom surface data of the building by adding a height coordinate of 0 to the two-dimensional data.

20. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the side surface data generation unit includes a triangle strip structure generation unit generating the three-dimensional side surface data of the building, wherein the side surface data has a triangle strip structure where vertexes on the top surface and vertexes on the bottom surface are alternately arranged.

21. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the three-dimensional data generation unit includes a triangle fan transformation unit transforming the three-dimensional top surface data and the three-dimensional bottom surface in a format of a triangle fan when a two-dimensional shape of the building is a convex polygon.

22. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the three-dimensional data generation unit includes a concave polygon segmentation unit transforming the three-dimensional top surface data and the three-dimensional bottom surface in a format of at least one segmented triangles when a two-dimensional shape of the building is a concave polygon.

23. A method of three-dimensionally visualizing two-dimensional building data in real time, comprising:

determining a relative distance between a building and a reference point;

selecting a visualization scheme for the building according to the determined relative distance;

generating the three-dimensional building data using building story information based on the selected visualization scheme; and

visualizing the three-dimensional building data according to the selected visualization scheme.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the reference point is a user'"'"'s position.

25. The method according to claim 23, wherein the reference point is a position of a camera.

26. The method according to claim 23, wherein the selecting includes:

selecting a first building visualization scheme where only a bottom surface of the building is depicted when the relative distance is shorter than a distance d0, distance d0 being a positive real number;

selecting a second building visualization scheme where the building is depicted semi-transparently or transparently when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d0 and shorter than a distance d1, distance d1 being larger than d0;

selecting a third building visualization scheme where the building is depicted with shading when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d1 and shorter than a distance d2, distance d2 being larger than d1;

selecting a fourth building visualization scheme where a texture array is applied on an outside wall of the building when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d2 and shorter than a distance d3, distance d3 being larger than d2; and

selecting a fifth building visualization scheme where the building is not depicted when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d3.

27. The method according to claim 23, wherein the generating includes generating three-dimensional data by adding a height coordinate of 0 to the two-dimensional data when the building visualization scheme is a scheme where only a bottom surface of the building is depicted.

28. The method according to claim 23, wherein the generating includes:

generating three-dimensional top surface data corresponding to a top surface of the building;

generating three-dimensional bottom surface data corresponding to a bottom surface of the building; and

generating three-dimensional side surface data corresponding to a side surface of the building.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the generating three-dimensional top surface data includes generating the three-dimensional top surface data of the building by adding a height coordinate to the two-dimensional data, where the height coordinate is a product of a number of stories of the building and a height transformation constant.

30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the generating three-dimensional bottom surface data includes generating three-dimensional bottom surface data of the building by adding a height coordinate of 0 to the two-dimensional data.

31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the generating three-dimensional side surface data generating the three-dimensional side surface data of the building, wherein the side surface data has a triangle strip structure where vertexes on the top surface and vertexes on the bottom surface are alternately arranged.

32. The method according to claim 28, wherein the generating includes transforming the three-dimensional top surface data and the three-dimensional bottom surface in a format of a triangle fan when a two-dimensional shape of the building is a convex polygon.

33. The method according to claim 28, wherein the generating includes transforming the three-dimensional top surface data and the three-dimensional bottom surface in a format of at least one segmented triangles when a two-dimensional shape of the building is a concave polygon.

34. The method according to claim 23, wherein the visualization scheme is a scheme in which the building is depicted with shading, and

wherein the visualizing includes forming shading by designating different brightness to colors of different side surfaces of the building.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the forming shading includes:

setting a light source vector;

calculating angles between the light source vector and side surfaces of the building; and

determining colors of the side surfaces according to the respective angles.

36. The method according to claim 34, wherein the forming shading includes designating colors to the side surfaces according to a listing order of the side surfaces in side surface data.

37. The method according to claim 23, wherein the visualization scheme is a scheme in which a texture array is applied on an outside wall of the building, and

wherein the visualizing includes defining horizontal and vertical repetition numbers of textures in the texture array to be applied on the outside wall.

38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the defining horizontal and vertical repetition numbers includes defining as the repetition number of the textures included in the horizontal axis a horizontal length of the outside wall divided by a predetermined horizontal-length coefficient.

39. The method according to claim 37, wherein the defining horizontal and vertical repetition numbers includes defining as the number of the textures included in the vertical axis the number of stories of the building.

40. An apparatus for three-dimensionally visualizing two-dimensional building data in real time, comprising:

a distance determination unit determining a relative distance between a building and a reference point;

an appearance selection unit selecting a visualization scheme for the building according to the determined relative distance;

a three-dimensional data generation unit generating the three-dimensional building data using building story information based on the selected visualization scheme; and

a building visualization unit visualizing the three-dimensional building data according to the selected visualization scheme.

41. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the reference point is a user'"'"'s position.

42. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the reference point is a position of a camera.

43. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the appearance selection unit comprises:

a first building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a first building visualization scheme where only a bottom surface of the building is depicted when the relative distance is shorter than a distance d0, distance d0 being a positive real number;

a second building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a second building visualization scheme where the building is depicted semi-transparently or transparently when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d0 and shorter than a distance d1, distance d1 being larger than d0;

a third building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a third building visualization scheme where the building is depicted with shading when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d1 and shorter than a distance d2, distance d2 being larger than d1;

a fourth building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a fourth building visualization scheme where a texture array is applied on an outside wall of the building when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d2 and shorter than a distance d3, distance d3 being larger than d2; and

a fifth building visualization scheme selection unit selecting a fifth building visualization scheme where the building is not depicted when the relative distance is equal to or larger than the distance d3.

44. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the three-dimensional data generation unit includes a bottom height coordinate addition unit generating three-dimensional data by adding a height coordinate of 0 to the two-dimensional data if the building visualization scheme is a scheme where only a bottom surface of the building is depicted.

45. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the three-dimensional data generation unit includes:

a top surface data generation unit generating three-dimensional top surface data corresponding to a top surface of the building;

a bottom surface data generation unit generating three-dimensional bottom surface data corresponding to a bottom surface of the building; and

a side surface data generation unit generating three-dimensional side surface data corresponding to a side surface of the building.

46. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein the top surface data generation unit includes a height coordinate addition unit generating the three-dimensional top surface data of the building by adding a height coordinate to the two-dimensional data, where the height coordinate is a product of a number of stories of the building and a height transformation constant.

47. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein the bottom surface data generation unit includes a bottom height coordinate addition unit generating three-dimensional bottom surface data of the building by adding a height coordinate of 0 to the two-dimensional data.

48. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein the side surface data generation unit includes a triangle strip structure generation unit generating the three-dimensional side surface data of the building, wherein the side surface data has a triangle strip structure where vertexes on the top surface and vertexes on the bottom surface are alternately arranged.

49. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein the three-dimensional data generation unit includes a triangle fan transformation unit transforming the three-dimensional top surface data and the three-dimensional bottom surface in a format of a triangle fan when a two-dimensional shape of the building is a convex polygon.

50. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein the three-dimensional data generation unit includes transforming the three-dimensional top surface data and the three-dimensional bottom surface in a format of at least one segmented triangles when a two-dimensional shape of the building is a concave polygon.

51. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the visualization scheme is a scheme in which the building is depicted with shading, and

wherein the building visualization unit includes a shading formation unit forming shading by designating different brightness to colors of different side surfaces of the building.

52. The apparatus according to claim 51, wherein the shading formation unit includes:

a light source setting unit setting a light source vector;

an angle calculation unit calculating angles between the light source vector and side surfaces of the building; and

a color determination unit determining colors of the side surfaces according to the respective angles.

53. The apparatus according to claim 51, wherein the shading formation unit includes a color designation unit designating colors to the side surfaces according to a listing order of the side surfaces in side surface data.

54. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein the visualization scheme is a scheme in which a texture array is applied on an outside wall of the building, and

wherein the building visualization unit includes a texture applying unit determining horizontal and vertical repetition numbers of textures in the texture array to be applied on the outside wall.

55. The apparatus according to claim 54, wherein texture applying unit includes a horizontal-number-of-texture definition unit defining as the repetition number of the textures included in the horizontal axis a horizontal length of the outside wall divided by a predetermined horizontal-length coefficient.

56. The apparatus according to claim 54, wherein the texture applying unit includes a vertical-number-of-texture definition unit defining as the repetition number of the textures included in the vertical axis the number of stories of the building.

57. A computer-readable medium having embodied thereon a computer program for a method of transforming two-dimensional building data to three-dimensional building data in real time, the method comprising:

determining a relative distance between a building and a reference point;

selecting a visualization scheme for the building according to the determined relative distance; and

generating the three-dimensional building data using building story information based on the selected visualization scheme.

58. A computer-readable medium having embodied thereon a computer program for a method of three-dimensionally visualizing two-dimensional building data in real time, the method comprising:

determining a relative distance between a building and a reference point;

selecting a visualization scheme for the building according to the determined relative distance; and

generating the three-dimensional building data using building story information based on the selected visualization scheme; and

visualizing the three-dimensional building data on a screen according to the selected visualization scheme.