Optimal high recovery, energy efficient dual fully integrated nanofiltration seawater reverse osmosis desalination process and equipment
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Abstract
An optimal two stage NF2 membrane pretreatment unit is synergistically combined with a following two stage SWRO2 desalination unit, where each of the two stage NF2 and SWRO2 has an energy recovery device (ERD) turbocharger (TC) in between the stages to form a dual hybrid of NF2-SWRO2 (FIG. 1); alternatively the two stage NF2 unit is synergistically combined with one stage ERD equipped SWRO, unit operated at up to 85 bar (FIG. 2a, b); or the two stage NF2 unit combined with one stage ERD equipped SWRO1 unit, with part of its reject recycled constituting part of the feed to the NF units (FIG. 3a,b). The process of this invention raises significantly the product water recovery ratio, producing SWRO hybrids that exceed all prior arts in efficiency, including water yield, product recovery ratio, dramatically reduces both the energy consumption and water production unit cost.
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61 Claims
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1-21. -21. (canceled)
- 22. An optimal seawater desalination process in which saline water, containing a high concentration of hardness scale forming ionic species, microorganisms, particulate matter and a high concentration of total dissolved solids, TDS, is passed under pressure through a two stage nanofiltration membrane, NF2, units to produce a first water product, NF permeate, and NF reject, wherein the said first water product having reduced content of said ionic species and from which is removed microorganisms, particulate matter and scale forming hardness ions, and thereafter passing said first water product through a seawater reverse osmosis, SWRO, membrane unit to produce from it a second water product, SWRO permeate, of potable quality and a third water product of SWRO unit reject, of increased salinity but of reduced scale forming hardness ions.
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