System and apparatus for determining the left-ventricular ejection time TLVE of a heart of a subject
First Claim
1. A system for determining the left-ventricular ejection time TLVE of a heart of a subject, comprising:
- a first apparatus for measuring a value selected from the group comprising thoracic electrical bioimpedance and thoracic electrical bioadmittance over time; and
at least one second apparatus selected from the group comprising;
an apparatus for deriving plethysmogram data, an apparatus for deriving signal data representing the velocity of blood in an artery in the vicinity of the esophagus of the subject, an apparatus for deriving signal data representing the velocity of blood in radial artery of the subject, a first apparatus for measuring data representing the blood pressure in an artery of the subject, said first apparatus for measuring data comprising a pressure sensor adapted to be non-invasively attached to the subject, a second apparatus for measuring data representing the blood pressure in an artery of the subject, said second apparatus for measuring data comprising a pressure sensor adapted to be inserted into an artery of the subject, an apparatus for measuring peripheral electrical bioimpedance, and an apparatus for measuring peripheral electrical bioadmittance.
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Accused Products
Abstract
In order to reliably determine the left-ventricular ejection time TLVE of a heart of a subject, at least two different measuring methods are employed. This includes in any case the derivation of a first waveform related to thoracic electrical bioimpedance or bioadmittance. A second waveform can be determined by using pulse oximetry, Doppler velocimetry, measurement of arterial blood pressure and measurement of peripheral electrical bioimpedance or bioadmittance. Depending on signal quality, the results obtained by each method are weighted and then averaged. The weighted average for left-ventricular ejection time is used as an input variable for cardiovascular monitoring methods, which determine objective measurements of cardiovascular function and performance. Such measurements include, but are not limited to, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic time ratio, and indices of ventricular contractility.
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Citations
17 Claims
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1. A system for determining the left-ventricular ejection time TLVE of a heart of a subject, comprising:
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a first apparatus for measuring a value selected from the group comprising thoracic electrical bioimpedance and thoracic electrical bioadmittance over time; and
at least one second apparatus selected from the group comprising;
an apparatus for deriving plethysmogram data, an apparatus for deriving signal data representing the velocity of blood in an artery in the vicinity of the esophagus of the subject, an apparatus for deriving signal data representing the velocity of blood in radial artery of the subject, a first apparatus for measuring data representing the blood pressure in an artery of the subject, said first apparatus for measuring data comprising a pressure sensor adapted to be non-invasively attached to the subject, a second apparatus for measuring data representing the blood pressure in an artery of the subject, said second apparatus for measuring data comprising a pressure sensor adapted to be inserted into an artery of the subject, an apparatus for measuring peripheral electrical bioimpedance, and an apparatus for measuring peripheral electrical bioadmittance. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A system for determining the left-ventricular ejection time TLVE of a heart of a subject, comprising:
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a) at least two electrodes, an alternating current (AC) source, and a voltmeter;
b) an emitter and a sensor for electromagnetic radiation, both being adapted to be attached to at least one of a fingertip and a toe of the subject; and
c) a processing apparatus comprising;
i) one of the group selected from an electrical bioimpedance analyzer and an electrical bioadmittance analyzer, ii) a pulse oximetry processor, and iii) a processing unit coupled to said analyzer and said processor.
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10. A system for determining the left-ventricular ejection time TLVE of a heart of a subject, comprising:
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a) at least two electrodes, an alternating current (AC) source, and an voltmeter;
b) an ultrasound emitter, and an ultrasound detector; and
c) a processing apparatus comprising;
i) one of the group selected from an electrical bioimpedance analyzer and an electrical bioadmittance analyzer, ii) a Doppler velocimeter for controlling said ultrasound emitter and for obtaining signals from said ultrasound detector, and iii) a processing unit coupled to said analyzer and said Doppler velocimeter. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13)
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14. A system for determining the left-ventricular ejection time TLVE of a heart of a subject, comprising:
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a) at least two electrodes, an alternating current (AC) source, and an voltmeter;
b) an emitter and a sensor for electromagnetic radiation including infrared;
c) a device applicable to a limb of said subject for obtaining data representing physical entities which are changing during the stroke of said heart; and
d) a processing apparatus comprising;
i) one of the group selected from an electrical bioimpedance analyzer and an electrical bioadmittance analyzer, ii) a pulse oximetry processor, iii) a processor for processing the data obtained by said device, and iv) a processing unit coupled to said analyzers and said processors. - View Dependent Claims (15)
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16. An apparatus adapted to be inserted into the esophagus of a subject, comprising:
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a catheter;
at least two electrodes placed onto said catheter, and an ultrasound emitter and an ultrasound receiver placed onto said catheter. - View Dependent Claims (17)
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Specification