Patient training routine for biological interface system

• US 20060167530A1
• Filed: 12/23/2005
• Published: 07/27/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 01/06/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Braingate Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Braingate Co., LLC
• Inventors: Serruya, Mijail D., Flaherty, J. Christopher, Saleh, Maryam, Donoghue, John P., Morris, Daniel S., Caplan, Abraham H.
• Granted Patent: US 7,991,461 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 607/62
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/24 Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/375 using biofeedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/72 Bioelectric control, e.g. myoelectric
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/015 Input arrangements based on nervous system activity detection, e.g. brain waves [EEG] detection, electromyograms [EMG] detection, electrodermal response detection

Abstract

Various embodiments of a biological interface system and related methods are disclosed. The system may comprise a sensor comprising a plurality of electrodes for detecting multicellular signals emanating from one or more living cells of a patient and a processing unit configured to receive the multicellular signals from the sensor and process the multicellular signals to produce a processed signal. The processing unit may be configured to transmit the processed signal to a controlled device that is configured to receive the processed signal. The system is configured to perform an integrated patient training routine to generate one or more system configuration parameters that are used by the processing unit to produce the processed signal.

Claims

92-1. The system of claim 1, further comprising a drug delivery system, wherein the processing unit sends a signal to the drug delivery system to deliver a therapeutic agent or drug to at least a portion of the patient'"'"'s body.

98. A biological interface system comprising:

a sensor comprising a plurality of electrodes for detecting multicellular signals emanating from one or more living cells of a patient; and

a processing unit configured to receive the multicellular signals from the sensor and process the multicellular signals to produce a processed signal, the processing unit being configured to transmit the processed signal to a controlled device that is configured to receive the processed signal,

wherein the system is configured to perform an integrated patient training routine to provide a time varying stimulus to the patient and to generate one or more system configuration parameters used by the processing unit to produce the processed signal, and

wherein the patient training routine further provides to the patient a first set of states of the time varying stimulus while the processing unit stores a first set of multicellular signals, and a second set of states of the time varying stimulus and a representation of the processed signal while the processing unit stores a second set of multicellular signals.

99. The system of claim 98, wherein the time varying stimulus is configured to be manipulated manually.

100. The system of claim 98, wherein the time varying stimulus is produced by the processing unit.

101. The system of claim 98, wherein the time varying stimulus is produced by a separate device.

102. The system of claim 98, wherein the first set of states of the time varying stimulus provides to the patient a continuous or semi-continuous motion of an object.

103. The system of claim 102, wherein the object moves on a visual display.

104. The system of claim 102, wherein the object comprises a mechanical object moving in a physical space.

105. The system of claim 102, wherein the object comprises a part of the patient'"'"'s body moving in space.

106. The system of claim 98, wherein the first set of states of the time varying stimulus provides a fixed position of an object for a limited time.

107. The system of claim 106, wherein the object is on a visual display.

108. The system of claim 106, wherein the limited time is less than one second.

109. The system of claim 98, wherein the first set of states of the time varying stimulus provides one or more flashes of light.

110. The system of claim 98, wherein the second set of multicellular signals include cellular signals from at least one specific cell not included in the first set of multicellular signals.

111. The system of claim 98, wherein the first set of multicellular signals include cellular signals from at least one specific cell not included in the second set of multicellular signals.

112. The system of claim 98, wherein the second set of multicellular signals include cellular signals from fewer cells than the first set of multicellular signals.

113. The system of claim 98, wherein the second set of multicellular signals includes cellular signals from more cells than the first set of multicellular signals.

114. The system of claim 98, further comprising an electronic memory, wherein the stored multicellular signals are stored in the electronic memory.

115. The system of claim 98, wherein the stored multicellular signals are temporally correlated to values of the time varying stimulus.

116. The system of claim 98, wherein the stored multicellular signals are correlated with one or more of:

a patient physiologic parameter;

a controlled device parameter;

a system environment parameter;

a password controlled parameter;

a clinician controlled parameter; and

a patient training routine parameter.

117. The system of claim 98, wherein the representation of the processed signal is provided in a form that is similar to that of the time varying stimulus.

118. The system of claim 117, wherein the form comprises an object on a visual display.

119. The system of claim 98, wherein the representation of the processed signal is provided in a form of a moving mechanical structure.

120. The system of claim 119, wherein the moving mechanical structure is selected from the group consisting of:

moving an object on screen;

moving a mechanical device;

moving part of patient'"'"'s body;

changing an audible signal; and

any combination thereof.

121. The system of claim 98, wherein the representation of the processed signal is provided in a form different from that of the time varying stimulus.

122. The system of claim 121, wherein the time varying stimulus is provided in the form of an object on a visual display, and the representation of the processed signal is provided in the form of a moving mechanical structure.

123. The system of claim 121, wherein the time varying stimulus is provided in the form of a moving mechanical structure, and the representation of the processed signal is provided in the form of a moving object on a visual display.

124. The system of claim 98, wherein the representation of the processed signal is provided in a visual form.

125. The system of claim 124, wherein the representation of the processed signal is also provided in an audio form.

126. The system of claim 124, wherein the representation of the processed signal is provided on a display screen.

127. The system of claim 124, wherein the representation of the processed signal is provided in a motion of an artificial limb or human limb.

128. The system of claim 98, wherein the representation of the processed signal is provided in two or more of the following forms:

visual;

tactile;

auditory;

olfactory;

gustatory; and

electrical stimulation.

129. The system of claim 98, wherein the representation of the processed signal is based on an analysis of the first set of multicellular signals.

130. The system of claim 98, wherein the patient training routine subsequently provides to the patient a third set of states of time varying stimulus and a second representation of the processed signal during while the processing unit stores a third set of multicellular signals.

131. The system of claim 130, wherein the second representation of the processed signal is based on an analysis of the second set of multicellular signals.

132. The system of claim 131, wherein the second representation of the processed signal is also based on an analysis of the first set of multicellular signals.

133. The system of claim 98, wherein the representation of the processed signal is based on an artificially improved analysis of the multicellular signals with more accurate control.

134. The system of claim 133, wherein the artificial improvement of the processed signal decreases as processed signal accuracy improves.

135. The system of claim 98, wherein the system is configured to allow an operator to perform the patient training routine

136. The system of claim 135, wherein the operator comprises the patient.

137. The system of claim 98, wherein less than full control of the controlled device is available to the patient prior to successful completion of the patient training routine.

138. The system of claim 137, wherein the system is configured to set a threshold value for determining the successful completion.

139. The system of claim 138, wherein the threshold value is adjustable.

140. The system of claim 139, wherein the system is configured to allow a clinician to perform an adjustment to the threshold value.

141. The system of claim 139, wherein the system is configured such that an adjustment to the threshold value is made from a remote location.

142. The system of claim 139, wherein the system is configured to perform a permission routine prior to an adjustment to the threshold value.

143. The system of claim 142, wherein the adjustment is controlled by one or more of:

a password, user identification;

electronic ID; and

a mechanical key.

144. The system of claim 98, wherein the patient training routine utilizes the controlled device.

145. The system of claim 98, further comprising a surrogate of the controlled device for use by the patient training routine.

146. The system of claim 98, wherein the patient training routine provides feedback to the patient.

147. The system of claim 146, wherein the feedback includes a derivative of the multicellular signals.

148. The system of claim 147, wherein the derivative comprises neural spike modulation rates.

149. The system of claim 148, wherein the feedback is provided by one or more of the following forms;

auditory;

olfactory;

gustatory;

visual;

electrical stimulation; and

any combination thereof.

150. The system of claim 148, wherein the feedback comprises a representation of the processed signal produced by the processing unit.

151. The system of claim 150, wherein the representation comprises one or more of the following:

moving an object on screen;

moving a mechanical device;

moving part of patient'"'"'s body;

changing an audible signal; and

any combination thereof.

152. The system of claim 150, wherein the feedback further comprises a representation of a difference between desired control conditions and actual control conditions.

153. The system of claim 148, wherein the feedback comprises a modified representation of the processed signal.

154. The system of claim 153, wherein the modified representation represents an artificially improved processed signal with more accurate control.

155. The system of claim 154, wherein the artificial improvement of the processed signal decreases as processed signal accuracy improves.

156. The system of claim 98, wherein the patient training routine comprises a software program.

157. The system of claim 156, wherein the software program is embedded in the system.

158. The system of claim 157, wherein the software program is embedded in the processing unit.

159. The system of claim 98, further comprising a separate device in which the patient training routine is embedded.

160. The system of claim 98, wherein the patient training routine comprises a first form of feedback used to control a first form of the controlled device and a second form of feedback used to control a second form of the controlled device.

161. The system of claim 98, wherein the patient training routine provides a predictory path or target.

162. The system of claim 161, wherein the predictory path or target comprises a visual image.

163. The system of claim 98, wherein the system is configured to perform a competitive user routine that provides a representation of an additional control signal which is competitive with the processed signal.

164. The system of claim 163, wherein the additional control signal is manipulated by an operator.

165. The system of claim 164, wherein the operator comprises a second patient.

166. The system of claim 163, wherein the additional control signal is manipulated by the system.

167. The system of claim 98, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a selection of cells whose signals are processed by the processing unit.

168. The system of claim 98, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise one or more criteria used to select cells whose signals are to be processed by the processing unit.

169. The system of claim 98, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a signal processing parameter.

170. The system of claim 169, wherein the signal processing parameter comprises a coefficient of a signal processing function selected from the group consisting of:

amplification;

filtering;

sorting;

conditioning;

translating;

interpreting;

encoding;

decoding;

combining;

extracting;

sampling;

multiplexing;

analog to digital converting;

digital to analog converting;

mathematically transforming; and

any combination thereof.

171. The system of claim 98, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a control signal transfer function parameter.

172. The system of claim 171, wherein the transfer function parameter comprises a transfer function coefficient.

173. The system of claim 171, wherein the transfer function parameter comprises a selection of one or more of:

algorithm;

methodology;

mathematical equation; and

any combination thereof.

174. The system of claim 98, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a calibration parameter.

175. The system of claim 174, wherein the calibration parameter comprises a calibration frequency.

176. The system of claim 98, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a controlled device parameter.

177. The system of claim 176, wherein the controlled device parameter comprises a parameter determining a boundary limit of a controlled device parameter.

178. The system of claim 98, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters is selected from the group consisting of:

acceptable frequency range of cellular activity;

cellular signal amplitude threshold value;

selection of electrodes to include;

selection of cellular signals to include;

type of frequency analysis;

instruction information to patient;

type, mode, or configuration of feedback during provision of processed signal to patient;

calibration parameter;

controlled device parameter;

alarm or alert threshold value;

success threshold value; and

any combination thereof.

179. The system of claim 98, further comprising a system electronic memory, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters are placed in the memory and used to produce the processed signal.

180. A biological interface system comprising:

a sensor comprising a plurality of electrodes for detecting multicellular signals emanating from one or more living cells of a patient; and

a processing unit configured to receive the multicellular signals from the sensor and process the multicellular signals to produce a processed signal, the processing unit being configured to transmit the processed signal to a controlled device that is configured to receive the processed signal,

wherein the system is configured to perform an integrated patient training routine to provide a time varying stimulus to the patient and to generate one or more system configuration parameters used by the processing unit to produce the processed signal,

wherein the processing unit is configured to store the multicellular signals while the patient training routine provides to the patient a set of states of the time varying stimulus, and

wherein the time varying stimulus is adjustable by an operator.

181. The system of claim 180, wherein the operator comprises the patient.

182. The system of claim 180, wherein the operator comprises a clinician.

183. The system of claim 180, wherein a visual form of the time varying stimulus is adjustable.

184. The system of claim 183, wherein the visual form is a computer icon.

185. The system of claim 180, wherein a type of the time varying stimulus is adjustable.

186. The system of claim 185, wherein the type comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of:

computer icon;

visual display object;

moveable mechanical assembly;

vehicle;

single or multi-frequency sound;

stimulation electrode;

robot or robotic component;

tactile transducer; and

any combination thereof.

187. The system of claim 180, wherein a form of the time varying stimulus is adjustable.

188. The system of claim 187, wherein the form is selected from the group consisting of:

visual;

tactile;

auditory;

olfactory;

gustatory;

electrical stimulation; and

any combination thereof.

189. The system of claim 180, wherein the range of the time varying stimulus is adjustable.

190. The system of claim 180, wherein the time varying stimulus is provided through manipulation of the controlled device, and the controlled device selection is adjustable.

191. The system of claim 180, wherein a parameter of the time varying stimulus is adjustable, the parameter comprising at least one selected from:

display brightness or contrast;

display size;

display resolution;

electrical current parameter;

object velocity, acceleration, and position;

object size and color;

sound volume;

sound frequency;

tactile sensor force, frequency, and pulse width; and

any combination thereof.

192. The system of claim 180, wherein the processing unit is configured to adjust the time varying stimulus.

193. The system of claim 180, further comprising an input device for adjusting the time varying stimulus.

194. The system of claim 192, wherein the adjustment is accomplished a device selected from the group consisting of:

chin joystick;

eyebrow EMG switch;

EEG activated switch;

eye tracker;

a head tracker;

neck movement switch;

shoulder movement switch;

sip-n-puff joystick controller;

speech recognition switch;

tongue switch; and

any combination thereof.

195. The system of claim 180, wherein the system is configured to allow an operator to perform the patient training routine.

196. The system of claim 195, wherein the operator comprises the patient.

197. The system of claim 180, wherein less than full control of the controlled device is available to the patient prior to successful completion of the patient training routine.

198. The system of claim 197, wherein the system is configured to set a threshold value for determining the successful completion.

199. The system of claim 198, wherein the threshold value is adjustable.

200. The system of claim 199, wherein the system is configured to allow a clinician to adjust the threshold value.

201. The system of claim 199, wherein the system is configured such that an adjustment to the threshold value is made from a remote location.

202. The system of claim 199, wherein the system is configured to perform a permission routine prior to an adjustment to the threshold value.

203. The system of claim 202, wherein the adjustment is controlled by one or more of:

a password;

a user identification;

an electronic ID; and

a mechanical key.

204. The system of claim 180, wherein the patient training routine utilizes the controlled device.

205. The system of claim 180, further comprising a surrogate of the controlled device for use by the patient training routine.

206. The system of claim 180, wherein the patient training routine provides feedback to the patient.

207. The system of claim 206, wherein the feedback includes a derivative of the multicellular signals.

208. The system of claim 207, wherein the derivative comprises neural spike modulation rates.

209. The system of claim 206, wherein the feedback is provided by one or more of the following forms:

auditory;

olfactory;

gustatory;

visual;

electrical stimulation; and

any combination thereof.

210. The system of claim 206, wherein the feedback comprises a representation of the processed signal produced by the processing unit.

211. The system of claim 210, wherein the representation comprises one or more of the following:

moving an object on screen;

moving a mechanical device;

moving part of patient'"'"'s body;

changing an audible signal; and

any combination thereof.

212. The system of claim 210, wherein the moving part of the patient'"'"'s body comprises moving part of patient'"'"'s body via an exoskeleton device or FES device.

213. The system of claim 210, wherein the feedback further comprises a representation of a difference between desired control conditions and actual control conditions.

214. The system of claim 206, wherein the feedback comprises a modified representation of the processed signal.

215. The system of claim 214, wherein the modified representation represents an artificially improved processed signal with more accurate control.

216. The system of claim 215, wherein the artificial improvement of the processed signal decreases as processed signal accuracy improves.

217. The system of claim 180, wherein the patient training routine comprises a software program.

218. The system of claim 217, wherein the software program is embedded in the system.

219. The system of claim 218, wherein the software program is embedded in the processing unit.

220. The system of claim 180, further comprising a separate device in which the patient training routine is embedded.

221. The system of claim 180, wherein the patient training routine comprises a first form of feedback used to control a first form of the controlled device and a second form of feedback used to control a second form of the controlled device.

222. The system of claim 180, wherein the patient training routine provides a predictory path or target.

223. The system of claim 222, wherein the predictory path or target comprises a visual image.

224. The system of claim 180, wherein the system is configured to perform a competitive user routine that provides a representation of an additional control signal which is competitive with the processed signal.

225. The system of claim 224, wherein the additional control signal is manipulated by an operator.

226. The system of claim 225, wherein the operator comprises a second patient.

227. The system of claim 226, wherein the additional control signal is manipulated by the system.

228. The system of claim 180, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a selection of cells whose signals are processed by the processing unit.

229. The system of claim 180, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise one or more criteria used to select cells whose signals are to be processed by the processing unit.

230. The system of claim 180, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a signal processing parameter.

231. The system of claim 230, wherein the signal processing parameter comprises a coefficient of a signal processing function selected from the group consisting of:

amplification;

filtering;

sorting;

conditioning;

translating;

interpreting;

encoding;

decoding;

combining;

extracting;

sampling;

multiplexing;

analog to digital converting;

digital to analog converting;

mathematically transforming; and

any combination thereof.

232. The system of claim 180, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters include a control signal transfer function parameter.

233. The system of claim 232, wherein the transfer function parameter comprises a transfer function coefficient.

234. The system of claim 232, wherein the transfer function parameter comprises a selection of one or more of:

algorithm;

methodology;

mathematical equation; and

any combination thereof.

235. The system of claim 180, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a calibration parameter.

236. The system of claim 235, wherein the calibration parameter comprises a calibration frequency.

237. The system of claim 180, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a controlled device parameter.

238. The system of claim 237, wherein the controlled device parameter comprises a parameter determining a boundary limit of a controlled device parameter.

239. The system of claim 180, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters is selected from the group consisting of:

acceptable frequency range of cellular activity;

cellular signal amplitude threshold value;

selection of electrodes to include;

selection of cellular signals to include;

type of frequency analysis;

instruction information to patient;

type, mode, or configuration of feedback during provision of processed signal to patient;

calibration parameter;

controlled device parameter;

alarm or alert threshold value;

success threshold value; and

any combination thereof.

240. The system of claim 239, wherein the instruction information to patient comprises imagined movement type or other imagined movement instruction.

241. The system of claim 180, further comprising a system electronic memory, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters are placed in the memory and used to produce the processed signal.

242. The system of claim 180, wherein the time varying stimulus is configured to be manipulated manually.

243. The system of claim 180, wherein the time varying stimulus is produced by the processing unit.

244. The system of claim 180, wherein the time varying stimulus is produced by a separate device.

245. The system of claim 180, wherein the set of states of the time varying stimulus provides to the patient a continuous or semi-continuous motion of an object.

246. The system of claim 245, wherein the object moves on a visual display.

247. The system of claim 245, wherein the object comprises a mechanical object moving in physical space.

248. The system of claim 245, wherein the object comprises a part of the patient'"'"'s body moving in space.

249. The system of claim 180, wherein the set of states of the time varying stimulus provides a fixed position of an object for a limited time.

250. The system of claim 249, wherein the object is on a visual display.

251. The system of claim 249, wherein the limited time is less than one second.

252. The system of claim 180, wherein the set of states of the time varying stimulus provides one or more flashes of light.

253. The system of claim 180, further comprising an electronic memory, wherein the stored multicellular signals are stored in the electronic memory.

254. The system of claim 180, wherein the stored multicellular signals are temporally correlated to values of the time varying stimulus.

255. The system of claim 180, wherein the stored multicellular signals are correlated with one or more of:

a patient physiologic parameter;

a controlled device parameter;

a system environment parameter;

a password controlled parameter;

a clinician controlled parameter; and

a patient training routine parameter.

256. A biological interface system comprising:

a sensor comprising a plurality of electrodes for detecting multicellular signals emanating from one or more living cells of a patient;

a processing unit configured to receive the multicellular signals from the sensor and process the multicellular signals to produce a processed signal, the processing unit being configured to transmit the processed signal to a first controlled device and a second controlled device;

a first controlled device configured to receive the processed signal; and

a second controlled device configured to receive the processed signal,

wherein the system is configured to perform an integrated patient training routine to provide a first time varying stimulus and a second time varying stimulus to the patient, so as to generate one or more system configuration parameters used by the processing unit to produce the processed signal,

wherein the processing unit is configured to store the multicellular signals for the first controlled device while the patient training routine provides to the patient a set of states of the first time varying stimulus, and

wherein the processing unit is configured to store the multicellular signals for the second controlled device while the patient training routine provides to the patient a set of states of the second time varying stimulus.

257. The system of claim 256, wherein the first controlled device comprises a prosthetic arm, and the second controlled device comprises a prosthetic leg.

258. The system of claim 256, wherein the first controlled device comprises a prosthetic arm, and the second controlled device comprises a wheelchair.

259. The system of claim 256, wherein the system is configured to allow an operator to perform the patient training routine.

260. The system of claim 259, wherein the operator comprises the patient.

261. The system of claim 256, wherein less than full control of at least one of the first and second controlled devices is available to the patient prior to successful completion of the patient training routine.

262. The system of claim 261, wherein the system is configured to set a threshold value for determining the successful completion.

263. The system of claim 262, wherein the threshold value is adjustable.

264. The system of claim 263, wherein the system is configured to allow a clinician to adjust the threshold value.

265. The system of claim 263, wherein the system is configured such that an adjustment to the threshold value is made from a remote location.

266. The system of claim 263, wherein the system is configured to perform a permission routine prior to an adjustment to the threshold value.

267. The system of claim 266, wherein the adjustment is controlled by one or more of:

a password;

a user identification;

an electronic ID; and

a mechanical key.

268. The system of claim 256, wherein the patient training routine utilizes the controlled devices.

269. The system of claim 256, further comprising a surrogate of the controlled device for use by the patient training routine.

270. The system of claim 256, wherein the patient training routine provides feedback to the patient.

271. The system of claim 270, wherein the feedback includes a derivative of the multicellular signals.

272. The system of claim 271, wherein the derivative comprises neural spike modulation rates.

273. The system of claim 270, wherein the feedback is provided by one or more of the following forms:

auditory;

olfactory;

gustatory;

visual;

electrical stimulation; and

any combination thereof.

274. The system of claim 270, wherein the feedback comprises a representation of the processed signal produced by the processing unit.

275. The system of claim 274, wherein the representation comprises one or more of the following:

moving an object on screen;

moving a mechanical device;

moving part of the patient'"'"'s body;

changing an audible signal; and

any combination thereof.

276. The system of claim 275, wherein moving a mechanical device comprises moving a mechanical limb or wheelchair.

277. The system of claim 275, wherein moving part of the patient'"'"'s body comprises moving part of patient'"'"'s body via an exoskeleton device or FES device.

278. The system of claim 274, wherein the feedback further comprises a representation of a difference between desired control conditions and actual control conditions.

279. The system of claim 278, wherein the feedback comprises a modified representation of the processed signal.

280. The system of claim 279, wherein the modified representation represents an artificially improved processed signal with more accurate control.

281. The system of claim 280, wherein the artificial improvement of the processed signal decreases as processed signal accuracy improves.

282. The system of claim 256, wherein the patient training routine comprises a software program.

283. The system of claim 282, wherein the software program is embedded in the system.

284. The system of claim 283, wherein the software program is embedded in the processing unit.

285. The system of claim 256, further comprising a separate device in which the patient training routine is embedded.

286. The system of claim 256, wherein the patient training routine comprises a first form of feedback used to control a first form of the controlled device and a second form of feedback used to control a second form of the controlled device.

287. The system of claim 256, wherein the patient training routine provides a predictory path or target.

288. The system of claim 287, wherein the predictory path or target comprises a visual image.

289. The system of claim 256, wherein the system is configured to perform a competitive user routine that provides a representation of an additional control signal which is competitive with the processed signal.

290. The system of claim 289, wherein the additional control signal is manipulated by an operator.

291. The system of claim 290, wherein the operator comprises a second patient.

292. The system of claim 289, wherein the additional control signal is manipulated by the system.

293. The system of claim 256, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a selection of cells whose signals are processed by the processing unit.

294. The system of claim 256, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise one or more criteria used to select cells whose signals are to be processed by the processing unit.

295. The system of claim 256, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a signal processing parameter.

296. The system of claim 295, wherein the signal processing parameter comprises a coefficient of a signal processing function selected from the group consisting of:

amplification;

filtering;

sorting;

conditioning;

translating;

interpreting;

encoding;

decoding;

combining;

extracting;

sampling;

multiplexing;

analog to digital converting;

digital to analog converting;

mathematically transforming; and

any combinations thereof.

297. The system of claim 256, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters include a control signal transfer function parameter.

298. The system of claim 297, wherein the transfer function parameter comprises a transfer function coefficient.

299. The system of claim 297, wherein the transfer function parameter comprises a selection of one or more of:

algorithm;

methodology;

mathematical equation; and

any combination thereof.

300. The system of claim 256, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a calibration parameter.

301. The system of claim 300, wherein the calibration parameter comprises a calibration frequency.

302. The system of claim 256, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters comprise a controlled device parameter.

303. The system of claim 302, wherein the controlled device parameter comprises a parameter determining a boundary limit of a controlled device parameter.

304. The system of claim 256, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters is selected from the group consisting of:

acceptable frequency range of cellular activity;

cellular signal amplitude threshold value;

selection of electrodes to include;

selection of cellular signals to include;

type of frequency analysis;

instruction information to patient;

type, mode, or configuration of feedback during provision of processed signal to patient;

calibration parameter;

controlled device parameter;

alarm or alert threshold value;

success threshold value; and

any combination thereof.

305. The system of claim 256, further comprising a system electronic memory, wherein the one or more system configuration parameters are placed in the memory and used to produce the processed signal.

306. The system of claim 256, wherein at least one of the first and second time varying stimuli is configured to be manipulated manually.

307. The system of claim 256, wherein at least one of the first and second time varying stimuli is produced by the processing unit.

308. The system of claim 256, wherein at least one of the first and second time varying stimuli is produced by a separate device.

309. The system of claim 256, wherein the set of states of at least one of the first and second time varying stimuli provides to the patient a continuous or semi-continuous motion of an object.

310. The system of claim 309, wherein the object moves on a visual display.

311. The system of claim 309, wherein the object comprises a mechanical object moving in physical space.

312. The system of claim 309, wherein the object comprises a part of the patient'"'"'s body moving in space.

313. The system of claim 256, wherein the set of states of at least one of the first and second time varying stimuli provides a fixed position of an object for a limited time.

314. The system of claim 313, wherein the object is on a visual display.

315. The system of claim 313, wherein the limited time is less than one second.

316. The system of claim 256, wherein the set of states of at least one of the first and second time varying stimuli provides one or more flashes of light.

317. The system of claim 256, further comprising an electronic memory, wherein the stored multicellular signals are stored in the electronic memory.

318. The system of claim 256, wherein the stored multicellular signals are temporally correlated to values of the time varying stimulus.

319. The system of claim 256, wherein the stored multicellular signals are correlated with one or more of:

a patient physiologic parameter;

a controlled device parameter;

a system environment parameter;

a password controlled parameter;

a clinician controlled parameter; and

a patient training routine parameter.

320. The system of claim 256, wherein the patient training routine is configured to adapt based on a change in the level of the patient'"'"'s consciousness.

321. The system of claim 256, wherein an assessment of controlled device control achieved during the patient training routine determines the duration of the patient training routine.

322. The system of claim 256, further comprising a surrogate controlled device utilized during the patient training routine, wherein an assessment of the surrogate controlled device control achieved during the patient training routine determines the duration of the patient training routine.

323. The system of claim 256, wherein a first patient training event is different from a second patient training event.