Wireless node and method of powering a wireless node employing ambient light to charge an energy store

• US 20060172782A1
• Filed: 01/31/2005
• Published: 08/03/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 01/31/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Eaton Intelligent Power Limited (Eaton Corporation PLC.)
• Original Assignee: Eaton Corp. (Wisconsin) (Eaton Corporation PLC.)
• Inventors: Luebke, Charles J., Naeve, Marco, Planning, Matthew F.
• Granted Patent: US 7,400,911 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 455/572
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/465 with solar battery as charging system
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/35 with light sensitive cells
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0225 using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0261 managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 in wireless communication networks
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A wireless node, such as a sensor node or other suitable node, includes a supercapacitor having a charge and one or more photocells adapted to charge the supercapacitor responsive to ambient light. A microprocessor cooperates with a wireless transceiver to transmit a count of one or more wireless messages. The microprocessor determines the charge of the supercapacitor, determines an incremental charge of the supercapacitor resulting from the ambient light, and adjusts the count of the wireless messages as a function of the charge of the supercapacitor and the incremental charge. A power supply, including a boost regulator and a filter capacitor, powers the microprocessor and the wireless transmitter from the charge of the supercapacitor.

Claims

1. A method of powering a wireless node, said wireless node being adapted to transmit wireless messages, said method comprising:

employing an energy store including a charge;

charging said energy store responsive to ambient light;

determining an incremental charge of said energy store resulting from said ambient light;

employing a charge removed from said energy store to transmit one of said wireless messages;

determining the charge of said energy store; and

adjusting a count of at least one of said wireless messages to be transmitted or a transmission rate of said wireless messages as a function of said incremental charge of said energy store, the charge of said energy store and said charge removed.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising

determining said incremental charge added to said energy store during said charging;

determining quiescent charge removed from said energy store;

determining charge available for transmitting at least one of said wireless messages by said wireless node from said incremental charge plus the charge of said energy store less said quiescent charge;

employing a predetermined charge removed as said charge removed;

employing said charge available being greater than said predetermined charge removed as said function to determine a count of one wireless message as said count of at least one of said wireless messages to be transmitted; and

transmitting said one wireless message.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising

employing a sensor node as said wireless node;

employing two wireless messages as said at least one of said wireless messages; and

employing a second one of said two wireless messages to indicate that said sensor node is going to sleep.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising

determining said incremental charge added to said energy store during said charging;

determining quiescent charge removed from said energy store;

determining charge available for transmitting at least one of said wireless messages by said wireless node from said incremental charge plus the charge of said energy store less said quiescent charge;

employing a predetermined charge removed as said charge removed; and

employing said charge available divided by said predetermined charge removed as said function to determine said count of at least one of said wireless messages to be transmitted over a predetermined time.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising

establishing an inactive charge time during daytime hours and an active transmit time during nighttime hours.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising

employing a sensor node as said wireless node;

and

transmitting said count of at least one of said wireless messages during said nighttime hours.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising

employing a motion sensor node as said wireless node;

periodically sensing motion responsive to said ambient light;

transmitting one of said wireless messages to another wireless node to switch a light off responsive to no motion being detected after a first predetermined time;

continuing to periodically sense motion for a second predetermined time after said light is switched off; and

transmitting one of said wireless messages to said another wireless node to switch said light on responsive to motion being detected, and otherwise, sleeping and waking up responsive to said ambient light.

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising

selecting said second predetermined time as a function of said charge of said energy store.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising

determining that the charge of said energy store is below a predetermined value;

and

transmitting one of said wireless messages to another wireless node to turn on a light, in order to provide ambient light to charge said energy store.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising

employing a first predetermined value as said predetermined value;

determining that the charge of said energy store is above a second predetermined value; and

transmitting one of said wireless messages to said another wireless node to turn off said light.

11. The method of claim 1 further comprising

employing a supercap including a voltage and a capacitance as said energy store;

determining the charge of said supercap from the product of said voltage and said capacitance; and

determining the incremental charge of said supercap from a current sensor or from said capacitance times a change of said voltage over a predetermined time.

12. The method of claim 1 further comprising

establishing an inactive charge time and an active transmit time;

determining said incremental charge added to said energy store during the inactive charge time;

determining quiescent charge removed from said energy store during the active transmit time;

determining charge available for transmitting one of said wireless messages from said incremental charge plus the charge of said energy store less said quiescent charge;

employing a predetermined charge removed as said charge removed during the active transmit time for transmitting one of said wireless messages; and

employing said charge available divided by said predetermined charge removed as said function to adjust said count of at least one of said wireless messages to be transmitted or said transmission rate of said wireless messages.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising

employing a sum of said inactive charge time and said active transmit time of about 24 hours.

14. The method of claim 12 further comprising

employing as said quiescent charge an average quiescent charge removed during the active transmit time.

15. A wireless node comprising:

an energy store including a charge;

at least one photocell adapted to charge said energy store responsive to ambient light;

a wireless transmitter;

a processor cooperating with said wireless transmitter to transmit a count of at least one wireless message, said processor being adapted to determine the charge of said energy store, determine an incremental charge of said energy store resulting from said ambient light, and adjust said count of at least one wireless message as a function of said charge of said energy store and said incremental charge; and

a power supply adapted to power said processor and said wireless transmitter from the charge of said energy store.

16. The wireless node of claim 15 wherein said power supply comprises a boost regulator and a filter capacitor.

17. The wireless node of claim 15 wherein said wireless node is a sensor node.

18. The wireless node of claim 17 wherein said sensor node is a photo sensor adapted to inform a lighting controller of an amount of light on a work surface.

19. The wireless node of claim 17 wherein said sensor node is a light switch.

20. The wireless node of claim 17 wherein said sensor node is a motion sensor.

21. A wireless node comprising:

an energy store including a charge;

at least one photocell adapted to source a current responsive to ambient light;

a current to voltage converter adapted to charge said energy store responsive to said current;

a wireless transmitter;

a processor cooperating with said wireless transmitter to transmit a count of at least one wireless message, said processor being adapted to determine the charge of said energy store, determine an incremental charge of said energy store resulting from said ambient light, and adjust said count of at least one wireless message as a function of said charge of said energy store and said incremental charge; and

a power supply adapted to power said processor and said wireless transmitter from the charge of said energy store.