E-field induced ion selective molecular deposition onto sensor arrays

• US 20060180480A1
• Filed: 02/15/2005
• Published: 08/17/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Chen, Yong, Li, Zhiyong, Williams, R. Stanley, Zhou, Zhang-Lin, Tong, William M., Zhang, Sean Xiao-An
• Granted Patent: US 7,780,841 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 205/794.500
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2430/00 Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving synthetic organic compounds as analytes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5308 for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5438 Electrodes

Abstract

A sensor array for sensing at least one of chemical moieties and biological moieties is provided. The sensor array comprises a plurality of working electrodes electrically associated with a reference electrode, each working electrode in combination with the reference electrode forming a transducer. Each working electrode is provided with a coating of a sensing element comprised of an ionizable moiety and a functional group sensitive to one of the chemical and/or biological moieties.

Claims

1. A sensor array for sensing at least one of chemical moieties and biological moieties, said sensor array comprising a plurality of working electrodes electrically associated with a reference electrode, each working electrode in combination with said reference electrode forming a transducer, each working electrode provided with a coating of a sensing element comprised of an ionizable moiety and a functional group sensitive to at least one said chemical and biological moiety.

2. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein said ionizable moiety is electrophilic.

3. The sensor array of claim 2 wherein said electrophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

NH₂⁺, —

NHR⁺, —

NR₂⁺, cyclic amine salts, pyridine salts, substituted pyridine salts, PH₂⁺, —

PHR⁺, and —

PR₂⁺.

4. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein said ionizable moiety is nucleophilic.

5. The sensor array of claim 4 wherein said nucleophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

S⁻

, —

O⁻

, —

NH⁻

, —

N(alkyl)⁻

, —

N(aryl)⁻

, N(acyl)⁻

, —

COO⁻

, —

C(═

S)O⁻

, —

C(═

S)S⁻

, —

C(═

O)S⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂H⁻

, and —

S(═

O)₂O⁻

.

6. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein said functional group is selected from the group consisting of SH, OH, NH₂, NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, NH-acyl, unsaturated hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon, heterocyclic systems, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, sulfuric acid and its derivatives, and phosphoric acid and its derivatives.

7. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein each said working electrode is independently selected from the group consisting of single metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, organic-semiconducting materials, and inorganic-semiconducting materials.

8. The sensor array of claim 7 wherein each said working electrode is selected from the group consisting of Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Si, GaAs, InP, In₂O₃, and ZnO.

9. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein said reference electrode forms electrode pairs with at least some of said working electrodes and is chemically inert toward said ionizable moiety.

10. A method of forming a sensor array for sensing at least one of chemical moieties and biological moieties, said method comprising:

providing a plurality of working electrodes;

providing a reference electrode electrically associated with said plurality of working electrodes, each working electrode in combination with said reference electrode forming a transducer; and

providing each working electrode provided with a coating of a sensing element comprised of an ionizable moiety and a functional group sensitive to a said chemical and biological moieties.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said ionizable moiety is electrophilic.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said electrophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

NH₂⁺, —

NHR⁺, —

NR₂⁺, cyclic amine salts, pyridine salts, substituted pyridine salts, PH₂⁺, —

PHR⁺, and —

PR₂⁺.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein said ionizable moiety is nucleophilic.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said nucleophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

S⁻

, —

O⁻

, —

NH⁻

, —

N(alkyl)⁻

, —

N(aryl)⁻

, N(acyl)⁻

, —

COO⁻

, —

C(═

S)O⁻

, —

C(═

S)S⁻

, —

C(═

O)S⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂H⁻

, and —

S(═

O)₂O⁻

.

15. The method of claim 10 wherein said functional group is selected from the group consisting of SH, OH, NH₂, NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, NH-acyl, unsaturated hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon, heterocyclic systems, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, sulfuric acid and its derivatives, and phosphoric acid and its derivatives.

16. The method of claim 10 wherein each said working electrode is independently selected from the group consisting of single metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, organic-semiconducting materials, and inorganic-semiconducting materials.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein each said working electrode is selected from the group consisting of Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Si, GaAs, InP, In₂O₃, and ZnO.

18. The method of claim 10 wherein said reference electrode forms electrode pairs with at least some of said working electrodes and is chemically inert toward said ionizable moiety.

19. The method of claim 10 wherein each said working electrode is provided with said coating by the following process:

selectively activate said electrode;

pre-ionize said sensing element;

perform an electric-field directed deposition of said sensing element onto said electrode; and

post-clean said array.

20. A method of sensing at least one of chemical moieties and biological moieties, said method comprising:

providing a sensor array, said sensor array comprising a plurality of working electrodes electrically associated with a reference electrode, each working electrode in combination with said reference electrode forming a transducer, each working electrode provided with a coating of a sensing element comprised of an ionizable moiety and a functional group sensitive to at least one said chemical and biological moiety;

exposing said sensor array to at least one chemical moiety or biological moiety or both; and

detecting a signal corresponding to a sensed chemical moiety or biological moiety or both.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said ionizable moiety is electrophilic.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said electrophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

NH₂⁺, —

NHR⁺, —

NR₂⁺, cyclic amine salts, pyridine salts, substituted pyridine salts, PH₂⁺, —

PHR⁺, and —

PR₂⁺.

23. The method of claim 20 wherein said ionizable moiety is nucleophilic.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein said nucleophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

S⁻

, —

O⁻

, —

NH⁻

, —

N(alkyl)⁻

, —

N(aryl)⁻

, N(acyl)⁻

, —

COO⁻

, —

C(═

S)O⁻

, —

C(═

S)S⁻

, —

C(═

O)S⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂H⁻

, and —

S(═

O)₂O⁻

.

25. The method of claim 20 wherein said functional group is selected from the group consisting of SH, OH, NH₂, NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, NH-acyl, unsaturated hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon, heterocyclic systems, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, sulfuric acid and its derivatives, and phosphoric acid and its derivatives.

26. The method of claim 20 wherein each said working electrode is independently selected from the group consisting of single metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, organic-semiconducting materials, and inorganic-semiconducting materials.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein each said working electrode is selected from the group consisting of Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Si, GaAs, InP, In₂O₃, and ZnO.

28. The method of claim 20 wherein said reference electrode forms electrode pairs with at least some of said working electrodes and is chemically inert toward said ionizable moiety.