Extra light hydrocarbon liquids

• US 20060201852A1
• Filed: 02/14/2006
• Published: 09/14/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 03/11/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Chevron USA Incorporated (Chevron Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Chevron USA Incorporated (Chevron Corp.)
• Inventors: Rosenbaum, John M., Lok, Brent K., Pudlak, Joseph M.
• Granted Patent: US 7,981,270 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 208/19
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2/32 with the use of catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 107/02 Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 111/04 at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 169/04 Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2203/045 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2203/065 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2203/1006 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2205/0206 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2205/17 Fisher Tropsch reaction products
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2205/173 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2825 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2835 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/401 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/0405 used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/01 Physico-chemical properties
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/011 Cloud point
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/02 Viscosity; Viscosity index
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/065 Saturated Compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/071 Branched chain compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/085 Non-volatile compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2030/74 : Noack Volatility
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/04 : Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/042 : for automatic transmissions
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/25 : Internal-combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2070/02 : Concentrating of additives
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 208/95 : Processing of "fischer-tropsch" crude

Abstract

The present invention relates to an extra light hydrocarbon liquid derived from highly paraffinic wax. This extra light hydrocarbon liquid is suitable for use as a lubricant additive diluent oil in oil soluble additive concentrates. This extra light hydrocarbon liquid derived from highly paraffinic wax has a viscosity of between about 1.0 and 3.5 cSt at 100° C. and a Noack volatility of less than 50 weight % and comprises greater than 3 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics. The extra light hydrocarbon liquid makes an excellent lubricant additive diluent oil because it has low volatility, low viscosity, good additive solubility, and excellent solubility in lubricant base oil stocks. The present invention also relates to finished lubricants comprising the oil soluble additive concentrates made with the extra light hydrocarbon liquid and finished lubricants comprising the oil soluble additive concentrates. The present invention further relates to processes for making these lubricant additive diluent oils, oil soluble additive concentrates, and finished lubricants.

Claims

1. A lubricant additive diluent oil comprising:

a lubricant base oil fraction having a viscosity of between about 1.0 and 3.5 cSt at 100°

C. and a Noack volatility of less than a Noack Volatility Factor as calculated by the following equation;

Noack Volatility Factor=160−

40(Kinematic Viscosity at 100°

C.), wherein lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 3 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics.

2. The lubricant additive diluent oil of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.

3. The lubricant additive diluent oil of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 5 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality.

4. The lubricant additive diluent oil of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises a ratio of weight % of molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight % of molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality of greater than 5.

5. The lubricant additive diluent oil of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises a weight % of molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality of greater than the kinematic viscosity at 100°

C. multiplied by three.

6. The lubricant additive diluent oil of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 9 alkyl branches/100 carbons.

7. The lubricant additive diluent oil of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction has a Noack volatility of less than 50 weight %.

8. The lubricant additive diluent oil of claim 1, wherein the lubricant additive diluent oil further comprises a conventional Group I base oil or a conventional Group II base oil.

9. An oil soluble additive concentrate comprising:

5 to 98 weight % of a lubricant base oil fraction having a viscosity of between about 1.0 and 3.5 cSt at 100°

C. and a Noack volatility of less than a Noack Volatility Factor as calculated by the following equation;

Noack Volatility Factor=160−

40(Kinematic Viscosity at 100°

C.), wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 3 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics; and

at least 2 weight % of one or more lubricant additives.

10. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.

11. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction has a viscosity between about 2.0 and 3.5 cSt at 100°

C.

12. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 11, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction has a viscosity index of between about 105 and 155.

13. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction has a Viscosity Index greater than a Viscosity Index Factor as calculated by the following equation:

Viscosity Index Factor=28×

1n(Kinematic Viscosity of the Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction at 100°

C.)+95.

14. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises a weight % of molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality of greater than the kinematic viscosity at 100°

C. multiplied by three.

15. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 9 alkyl branches/100 carbons.

16. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction has a Noack volatility of less than 50 weight %.

17. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the oil soluble additive concentrate further comprises a conventional Group I base oil or a conventional Group II base oil.

18. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction has a aniline point greater than 36×

1n(Kinematic Viscosity of the lubricant base oil fraction at 100°

C.)+200.

19. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 5 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality.

20. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises a ratio of weight % of molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight % of molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality of greater than 5.

21. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction has a sulfur content of less than 5 ppmw.

22. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the one or more lubricant additives are selected from the group consisting of viscosity index improvers, detergents, dispersants, anti-wear additives, EP agents, antioxidants, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, viscosity modifiers, friction modifiers, demulsifiers, antifoaming agents, colorants, color stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, seal swell agents, metal deactivators, biocides, and mixtures thereof.

23. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 9, wherein the one or more lubricant additives comprise a lubricant additive package.

24. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 23, wherein the lubricant additive package is selected from the group consisting of a detergent-inhibitor package, an engine oil additive package, an automatic transmission fluid additive package, a heavy duty transmission fluid additive package, a power steering fluid additive package, a gear oil additive package, and an industrial oil additive package.

25. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 22, wherein the oil soluble additive concentrate comprises 2-20 weight % viscosity index improver.

26. The oil soluble additive concentrate of claim 25, wherein the viscosity index improver is selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, co-polymers of ethylene and propylene, polyalkylacrylates, polyalkylmethacrylates, polyisobutylene, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-butadienes, and mixtures thereof.

27. A finished lubricant comprising:

a. an oil soluble additive concentrate comprising;

i. 5 to 98 weight % of a lubricant base oil fraction having a viscosity of between about 1.0 and 3.5 cSt at 100°

C. and a Noack volatility of less than a Noack Volatility Factor as calculated by the following equation;

Noack Volatility Factor=160−

40(Kinematic Viscosity at 100°

C.), wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 3 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics; and

ii. at least 2 weight % of one or more lubricant additives; and

b. one or more lubricant base oils.

28. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the finished lubricant comprises 0.5 to 50 weight % oil soluble additive concentrate and 30 to 99.5 weight % one or more lubricant base oils.

29. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 5 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality.

30. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises a ratio of weight % of molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight % of molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality of greater than 5.

31. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction comprises greater than 9 alkyl branches/100 carbons.

32. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction has a Noack volatility of less than 50 weight %.

33. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the oil soluble additive concentrate further comprises a conventional Group I base oil or a conventional Group II base oil.

34. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the one or more lubricant additives are selected from the group consisting of viscosity index improvers, detergents, dispersants, anti-wear additives, EP agents, antioxidants, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, viscosity modifiers, friction modifiers, demulsifiers, antifoaming agents, colorants, color stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, seal swell agents, metal deactivators, biocides, and mixtures thereof.

35. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the one or more lubricant additives comprise a lubricant additive package.

36. The finished lubricant of claim 35, wherein the lubricant additive package is selected from the group consisting of a detergent-inhibitor package, an engine oil additive package, an automatic transmission fluid additive package, a heavy duty transmission fluid additive package, a power steering fluid additive package, a gear oil additive package, and an industrial oil additive package.

37. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the one or more lubricant base oils are selected from the group consisting of conventional Group I base oils, conventional Group II base oils, conventional Group III base oils, Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils, Group IV base oils, poly internal olefins, diesters, polyol esters, phosphate esters, alkylated aromatics, alkylated cycloparaffins, alkylated naphthalenes, vegetable oils, and mixtures thereof.

38. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the finished lubricant meets the specifications for an SAE J300 multigrade engine oil.

39. The finished lubricant of claim 38, wherein the finished lubricant further meets specifications selected from the group consisting of ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4, API CI-4, API PC-10, and combinations thereof.

40. The finished lubricant of claim 27, wherein the finished lubricant comprises less than 0.7 weight % total sulfur as measured by ASTM D 1552.