Method and apparatus for optically powering and multiplexing distributed fiber optic sensors

• US 20060202109A1
• Filed: 03/14/2005
• Published: 09/14/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Original Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Inventors: Delcher, Ray C., Christian, William R., Khoshnevisan, Mohsen
• Granted Patent: US 7,263,245 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 250/214.R
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/806 Arrangements for feeding power

Abstract

An optical power converting apparatus is provided that may be used with remote sensors. A plurality of remote sensors may be coupled to a backbone optical fiber with each sensor having an optical power converter that receives an optical signal from a head end of that fiber. The optical power converters may store electrical energy derived from that optical signal and use that energy to power the remote sensors. The head end'"'"'s optical signal may also include a clock signal, and each remote sensor may be set to sense a measurable parameter after a given number of clock cycles have been counted. In a further example, each of the optical sensors may be synchronized before counting these clock signals via a synchronization signal from the optical power converter. The remote sensors may individually and separately uplink their sensed data to the head end on the optical fiber. The apparatus may be implemented in a vehicle health management system, for example.

Claims

1. An optical power converter comprising:

a photodetector for producing an electrical signal;

a storage circuit in parallel with the photodetector to store at least a portion of the electrical signal;

a first chargeable switch;

a second chargeable switch having a different charging time than the first chargeable switch; and

a dual transistor switch coupled to the first chargeable switch and the second chargeable switch, wherein the storage circuit is coupled to the dual transistor switch, and wherein during a storing state the photodetector supplies current to the storage circuit and the dual transistor switch is in an off state, and wherein during a driving state, the storage circuit supplies current to switch the dual transistor switch to an on state wherein at least one of the first chargeable switch or the second chargeable switch is in a conducting state.

2. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the photodetector is a solar cell.

3. The power converter of claim 2, wherein the solar cell has a PIN layer configuration.

4. The power converter of claim 2, wherein the solar cell is a pie-wedge solar cell.

5. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the first chargeable switch comprises a first capacitor coupled to the dual transistor switch and wherein the second chargeable switch comprises a second capacitor coupled to the dual transistor switch.

6. The power converter of claim 5, wherein the first chargeable switch comprises at least one resistor in series with the first capacitor and wherein the second chargeable switch comprises at least one resistor in series with the second capacitor.

7. The power converter of claim 5, wherein the first capacitor is coupled to a first output line to provide a clock signal and wherein the second capacitor is coupled to a second output line to provide a synchronization signal.

8. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the storage circuit comprises an inductor and capacitor in parallel with the photodetector, and wherein the inductor is coupled to the dual transistor switch such that in the driving state, the first chargeable switch and the second chargeable switch receive current from the dual transistor switch, and wherein in the storing state, the first chargeable switch and the second chargeable switch receive substantially no current from the dual transistor switch.

9. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the dual transistor switch comprises two transistors with coupled emitters.

10. An optically-powered sensor apparatus comprising:

an optical fiber;

a head end coupled to the optical fiber to provide optical clock signals on the optical fiber; and

at least two sensor modules coupled to the optical fiber and optically powered by the optical clock signals, each sensor module comprising an optical power converter for converting the optical clock signals to electrical clock signals, a timer for counting the electrical clock signals, and a sensor for sensing a measurable parameter, wherein the at least two sensor modules are adapted to sense the measurable parameter after a different number of electrical clock signals have been counted.

11. The optically-powered sensor of claim 10, wherein each sensor module further comprises a laser source coupled to the optical fiber to provide a sensed output signal from the sensor module to the head end, wherein the at least two sensor modules are adapted to send sensed output signals to the head end after a different number of the electrical clock signals have been counted.

12. The optically-powered sensor apparatus of claim 10, wherein each optical power converter comprises a photodetector for receiving the optical clock signals from the optical fiber.

13. The optically-powered sensor apparatus of claim 12, wherein the photodetector is a solar cell having pie-wedge configuration.

14. The optically-powered sensor apparatus of claim 10, wherein each optical power converter comprises:

a first chargeable switch for producing the electrical clock signals;

a second chargeable switch for producing an electrical synchronization signal; and

a transistor switch coupled to selectively switch the first chargeable switch and the second chargeable switch, wherein the second chargeable switch has a different charging time than the first chargeable switch.

15. The optically-powered sensor apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first chargeable switch comprises a first capacitor, the second chargeable switch comprises a second capacitor, and the transistor switch is a dual transistor switch having a common base.

16. The optically-powered sensor apparatus of claim 14, wherein each sensor module comprises a microcontroller operable in a sleep mode and an awake mode, the microcontroller having a timer circuit for counting the electrical clock signals during a sleep mode and an interrupt circuit for switching the microcontroller from a sleep mode to an awake mode.

17. The optically-powered sensor apparatus of claim 10, wherein each sensor modules senses a different measurable parameter.

18. A method of time division multiplexing a plurality of sensor modules coupled to an optical fiber, the method comprising:

transmitting an optical signal on the optical fiber, the optical signal having a clocking portion wherein optical clock signals are provided and a synchronizing portion;

at each of the plurality of sensor modules, receiving the optical signal and converting the optical clock signals of the clocking portion to electrical clock signals;

synchronizing each of the plurality of sensor modules;

counting the electrical clock signals; and

for at least two of the plurality of sensor modules, sensing a measurable parameter after a different number of electrical clock signals have been counted.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising counting electrical clock signals after synchronization.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising synchronizing each of the plurality of sensor modules after the synchronizing portion.

21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

in response to sensing the measurable parameter, producing an output optical signal at each of the plurality of sensor modules.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising propagating the output optical signal on the optical fiber to a detector.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein producing the output optical signal comprises driving a laser in response to the sensing of the measurable parameter.

24. The method of claim 18, wherein synchronizing each of the plurality of sensor modules comprises generating a substantially identical synchronization signal at each of the plurality of sensor modules after the synchronization portion of the optical signal.

25. The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the optical signal comprises coupling a solar cell to the optical fiber.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising removing cladding from the optical fiber to form a notch having a slanted surface to couple energy from the optical fiber onto the solar cell.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising bonding the optical fiber to a support opposite the notch.

28. The method of claim 25, further comprising coupling the solar cell to an inductor that stores an electrical signal during a storing state and that supplies the electrical signal during a driving state;

and

coupling the solar cell to a first chargeable switch and a second chargeable switch, wherein the first chargeable switch has a longer charge time than the second chargeable switch.

29. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

providing a timing circuit having a sleep mode and an awake mode, wherein the timing circuit counts the electrical clock signals during a sleep mode and activates a sensor during the awake mode.

30. The method of claim of 18, wherein each of the plurality of sensor modules senses the measurable parameter after a different number of electrical clock signals have been counted from each other of the plurality of sensor modules.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein each of the plurality of sensor modules produces an output signal after a different number of electrical clock signals have been counted.

32. An optically-powered sensor apparatus comprising:

an optical fiber;

a laser source coupled to the optical fiber for providing optical clock signals on the optical fiber;

a first sensor module coupled to the optical fiber and optically powered by the laser source, the first sensor module having a sleep mode during which the first sensor module is incapable of sensing a first measurable parameter and an awake mode during which the first sensor module is capable of sensing the first measurable parameter, wherein the first sensor module is adapted to switch from the sleep mode to the awake mode after a first number of optical clock signals have been received at the first sensor module; and

a second sensor module coupled to the optical fiber and optically powered by the laser source, the second sensor module having a sleep mode during which the second sensor module is incapable of sensing the second measurable parameter and an awake mode during which the second sensor module is capable of sensing the second measurable parameter, wherein the second sensor module is adapted to switch from the sleep mode to the awake mode after a second number of optical clock signals have been received at the second sensor module, where the second number of optical clock signals is different than the first number of optical clock signals.

33. The optically-powered sensor apparatus of claim 32, wherein each of the first sensor module and the second sensor module comprises an optical power converter for converting the optical clock signals to electrical clock signals, a timer for counting the electrical clock signals, and a sensor for sensing a measurable parameter in response to the timer.

34. A method of diagnosing the state of a vehicle, the method comprising:

coupling optical clock signals to the plurality of sensor modules via an optical fiber, each sensor module being disposed at a region of interest and each sensor module having a sleep mode and an awake mode;

optically powering the plurality of sensor modules;

at each sensor module, counting the number of optical clock signals received during the sleep mode;

at each sensor module, in response to the counting of the number of optical clock signals received during the sleep mode, switching the sensor module from the sleep mode to the awake mode, where each sensor module is switched from the sleep mode to the awake mode after a different number of optical clock signals have been counted;

at each sensor module, sensing a measurable parameter and producing sensed data; and

diagnosing the sensed data from each sensor module.

35. The method of claim 34, further comprising coupling the optical fiber to a head end having a receiver and a microprocessor for diagnosing the sensed data from each sensor module.

36. The method of claim 34, further comprising communicating the sensed data to a diagnosing system via a wireless link.