Composite material, in particular composite membrane, and process for the production of the same

• US 20060230926A1
• Filed: 04/07/2006
• Published: 10/19/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 04/13/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Klaus-Viktor Peinemann
• Original Assignee: Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH
• Inventors: Fritsch, Detlev, Peinemann, Klaus-Viktor, Gomes, Dominique De Figueiredo
• Granted Patent: US 7,658,784 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 95/45
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2325/04 Characteristic thickness
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2325/20 Specific permeability or cut-off range
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/228 characterised by specific membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/362 Pervaporation
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 67/0011 Casting solutions therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/141 Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 71/70 Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 71/701 Polydimethylsiloxane
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/2475 Membrane reactors

Abstract

Composite materials are provided. A representative material is configured as a composite membrane for gas separation, vapor separation, or pervaporation. The composite membrane comprises at least a first polymer and a second polymer. Processes for the production of composite materials, in particular composite membranes, also are provided.

Claims

1. A composite material comprising at least one polymer and a second polymer wherein the second polymer is a coordination polymer.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the composite material is a composite membrane.

3. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the composite material is configured as a composite membrane for gas separation, vapor separation, or pervaporation.

4. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the coordination polymer is a metal organic framework (MOF) with permanent porosity.

5. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the coordination polymer is in crystal form.

6. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the coordination polymer is in the form of a crystal cluster.

7. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the coordination polymer is catalytically active.

8. The composite material according to claim 5, wherein the crystal size is in the range from 0.1 μ

m to 10 μ

m.

9. The composite material according to claim 5, wherein the crystal size is in the range from 0.4 μ

m to 1 μ

m.

10. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the first polymer is formed as a polymer matrix.

11. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the first polymer is a material from which a dense membrane can be produced.

12. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the coordination polymer has an elementary cell size in the range of 0.3 to 10 nm.

13. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the coordination polymer has an elementary cell size in the range of 0.5 to 1 nm.

14. The composite material according to claim 12, further comprising an intercalate introduced into the elementary cells of the coordination polymer.

15. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the coordination polymer is modified to be at least partly non-polar.

16. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein a gas selectivity of more than 13 is provided as the ratio of n-butane to methane.

17. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein a gas selectivity of more than 16 is provided as the ratio of n-butane to methane.

18. A composite membrane comprising a thin layer of a composite material according to claim 1, wherein the layer is applied on a porous base.

19. The composite membrane according to claim 18, wherein a thickness of the layer is in a range of 0.3 μ

m to 2 μ

m.

20. The composite membrane according to claim 18, wherein a thickness of the layer is in a range of 0.5 μ

m to 1 μ

m.

21. A process for production of a composite material comprising:

mixing a coordination polymer in a liquid of first polymer or in a first polymer brought into solution.

22. The process according to claim 21, further comprising:

using the first polymer and the coordinating polymer, after mixing, to form a thin film.

23. The process according to claim 22, wherein in forming the film, the material is applied on a base and a solvent is evaporated off.

24. The process according to claim 23, wherein the base is porous.

25. The process according to claim 23 wherein the film is subsequently put into a solvent bath and subsequently dried.

26. The process according to claim 25 wherein the solvent bath is a methanol bath.

27. The process according to claim 21, wherein a percentage of the coordination polymer is between 10% by weight and 80% by weight of the composite material produced.

28. The process according to claim 21, wherein a percentage of the coordination polymer is between 20% by weight and 50% by weight of the composite material produced.

29. The process according to claim 21, wherein a surface of the coordination polymer is modified to be at least partially non-polar.

30. A gas separation reactor or pervaporation reactor with a composite material, the composite material comprising at least one polymer and a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is a coordination polymer.

31. A process for operating a gas separation reactor or pervaporation reactor, the reactor comprising a composite material comprising at least one polymer and a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is a coordination polymer, said process comprising:

applying a gas pressure differential between a first side and a second side of the composite material.

32. A process for operating a gas separation reactor or pervaporation reactor, the reactor comprising a composite material comprising at least one polymer and a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is a coordination polymer, said process comprising:

applying a pressure-swing adsorption process.