Neutralization and containment of redox species produced by circumferential electrodes

• US 20060231411A1
• Filed: 04/15/2005
• Published: 10/19/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: CustomArray, Inc. (Genscript Biotech Corp.)
• Original Assignee: CombiMatrix Corporation
• Inventors: Fujii, H. Sho, Maurer, Karl, Cooper, John J. Jr.
• Granted Patent: US 9,394,167 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 205/413
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00527 Sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00529 DNA chips
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00576 fluorophore
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00585 Parallel processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00596 Solid-phase processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00641 the porous medium being continuous, e.g. porous oxide substrates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00653 the compounds being bound to electrodes embedded in or on the solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00659 Two-dimensional arrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00675 In-situ synthesis on the substrate
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00713 Electrochemical synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00722 Nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00725 Peptides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00731 Saccharides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00736 Non-biologic macromolecules, e.g. polymeric compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 11/02 characterised by shape or form
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 3/29 Coupling reactions
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 9/17 Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof

Abstract

There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.

Claims

1. An electrode array design having:

(a) a semiconductor electrode array having a top surface and a plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode of the plurality of electrodes is separately addressable, wherein each electrode of the plurality of electrodes has a top conducting surface that makes up a part of the top surface of the semiconductor electrode array, and wherein each electrode of the plurality of electrodes is surrounded by insulating material;

(b) a continuous or discontinuous circumferential electrode that surrounds each electrode of the plurality of electrodes, wherein the circumferential electrode has a top conducting surface and an inner margin and an outer margin, wherein the inner margin borders with the insulating material that surrounds the electrode and the outer margin is surrounding by insulating material; and

(c) a porous reaction layer of material that adsorbs to the surface of the electrodes and contains free hydroxyl groups or free amine groups or sulfhydryl groups (or combinations thereof) for covalent molecular binding, wherein the porous reaction layer forms a layer over the electrodes.

2. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the porous reaction layer is formed from polysaccharide and monosaccharide materials.

3. The electrode array of claim 2 wherein the polysaccharide material is a disaccharide mixed with monosaccharides.

4. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the insulating material that surrounds each of the plurality of electrodes has an average distance between each electrode and circumferential electrode of no more than 10 microns from the outer edge of each electrode to the inner edge of the surrounding circumferential electrode.

5. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the plurality of electrodes are arranged in a pattern of rows and columns and the circumferential electrodes form a continuous or a discontinuous grid pattern similar to a tic-tack-toe board.

6. A method for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on a dense electrode array when electrode margins are 50 microns or less distance from each other, comprising:

(a) providing a dense electrode array having separately addressable electrodes; and

(b) conducting a deblocking step by addressing each active electrode with current or voltage and is surrounded by at least two neighboring electrodes that are biased with current or voltage as counter electrodes.

7. The method for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on a dense electrode array of claim 6 wherein the deblocking step addresses each active electrode with current.

8. The method for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on a dense electrode array of claim 6 wherein at least four neighboring electrodes are counter electrodes.

9. The method for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on a dense electrode array of claim 6 wherein the at least two neighboring counter electrodes are arranged in a pattern selected from the group consisting of nearest neighbor, neighbor electrodes, border of neighbor electrodes, border of nearest-neighbor, one closest available electrode, and electrode that is not approach, or a combination pattern thereof.