Implantable biosensor
First Claim
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1. An implantable biosensor comprising:
- transgenic electrically excitable mammalian tissue or cells which are augmented with an expression cassette comprising a transcriptional regulatory element operably linked to an open reading frame encoding a protein which is capable of associating with the cell membrane and binding a molecule found in physiological fluid of a mammal, which binding alters the amount and/or activity of one or more intracellular second messenger molecules and which one or more intracellular second messenger molecules in turn modulate the activity of one or more ion channels, wherein the transgenic electrically excitable tissue or cells are optionally coupled via an electrical interface to an electronic measuring device or an electronic amplifying device.
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Abstract
The present invention provides implantable biosensors. The biosensors comprise tissue or cells which are electrically excitable or are capable of differentiating into electrically excitable cells, and which can be used to monitor the presence or level of a molecule in a physiological fluid. In one embodiment, the tissue or cells are coupled via an electrical interface to an electronic measuring device or an electronic amplifying device. The biosensors may be placed (inserted or implanted) in any animal including a mammal. The present invention also provides various methods which employ a biosensor of the invention.
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Citations
36 Claims
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1. An implantable biosensor comprising:
- transgenic electrically excitable mammalian tissue or cells which are augmented with an expression cassette comprising a transcriptional regulatory element operably linked to an open reading frame encoding a protein which is capable of associating with the cell membrane and binding a molecule found in physiological fluid of a mammal, which binding alters the amount and/or activity of one or more intracellular second messenger molecules and which one or more intracellular second messenger molecules in turn modulate the activity of one or more ion channels, wherein the transgenic electrically excitable tissue or cells are optionally coupled via an electrical interface to an electronic measuring device or an electronic amplifying device.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A system, comprising:
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transgenic mammalian cells which are electrically excitable or are capable of differentiating into electrically excitable cells, wherein the transgenic mammalian cells are augmented with an expression cassette comprising a transcriptional regulatory element operably linked to an open reading frame encoding a protein which is capable of associating with the cell membrane and binding a molecule found in physiological fluid of a mammal, which binding alters the amount and/or activity of one or more intracellular second messenger molecules and which one or more intracellular second messenger molecules in turn modulate the activity of one or more ion channels; and
an implantable medical device including;
an event detector electrically coupled to the transgenic mammalian cells and adapted to detect a modulation in conduction and/or refractoriness in the transgenic mammalian cells as a result of the binding of the molecule to the protein; and
an implant controller coupled to the event detector, the implant controller adapted to produce a signal in response to the modulation in the conduction and/or refractoriness detected by the event detector. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
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Specification