RF amplifier employing active load linearization

• US 20060238245A1
• Filed: 03/10/2006
• Published: 10/26/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 05/06/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Tahoe Research Limited (f/k/a Learndale Limited) (Vector Capital Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Powerwave Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: Khanifar, Ahmad, Carichner, Scott, Maslennikov, Nikolai, Henry, Ryan
• Granted Patent: US 7,288,987 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 330/136
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0205 in transistor amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0288 using a main and one or several auxiliary peaking amplifiers whereby the load is connected to the main amplifier using an impedance inverter, e.g. Doherty amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3205 in field-effect transistor amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/198 A hybrid coupler being used as coupling circuit between stages of an amplifier circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/602 Combinations of several amplifiers

Abstract

A power amplifier system for high efficiency signal amplification of digitally modulated carrier signal or multi-carrier signals is disclosed. The linearity of the amplifier is improved by providing dynamic load line adjustments through implementation of suitably defined transfer functions employing dynamic control of operational aspects of active devices in the power amplifier.

Claims

1. A power amplifier circuit, comprising:

an input for receiving an input signal;

a coupler for receiving the input signal and splitting the input signal on two signal paths;

a first amplifier device coupled to the coupler on a first of the two signal paths and receiving the input signal and providing a first amplified signal, said first amplifier device having a first turn on threshold;

a second amplifier device coupled to the coupler on a second of the two signal paths and receiving the input signal and providing a second amplified signal, said second amplifier device having a second turn on threshold and an impedance near zero when said input signal is below said turn on threshold;

an output load coupled to said first and second amplifier devices;

a DC power supply;

a first bias circuit coupled to the first amplifier device and the DC power supply and providing a first bias to the first amplifier device setting the first turn on threshold of said first amplifier device;

bias control means, coupled to the second amplifier device and the DC power supply, for providing a second bias to the second amplifier device setting the second turn on threshold of said second amplifier device at a substantially higher level than said first turn on threshold, said second turn on threshold corresponding to a peak power region of the input signal; and

an output coupled to the first and second amplifier devices via said output load and providing an amplified output signal.

2. A power amplifier circuit as set out in claim 1, wherein said bias control means controls the second bias through a bias class transition of the second amplifier device from Class C to Class AB/B.

3. A power amplifier circuit as set out in claim 2, wherein said bias control means is adjustable to control the rate of change of conduction angle of said second amplifier device.

4. A power amplifier circuit as set out in claim 1, wherein said bias control means controls the second bias to the second amplifier device as a function of temperature.

5. A power amplifier circuit as set out in claim 2, wherein said bias control means controls the bias class transition point of the second amplifier device as a function of temperature.

6. A power amplifier circuit as set out in claim 2, further comprising phase control means coupled between said input and said second amplifier device for controlling phase of the input signal in response to the input signal envelope.

7. A power amplifier circuit as set out in claim 6, wherein said phase control means provides a first direction of phase adjustment in a first input signal envelope power region and a second opposite direction of phase adjustment in a second input signal envelope power region.

8. A power amplifier circuit as set out in claim 7, wherein said phase control means compensates for phase variation introduced by said bias control means.

9. A radio frequency power amplifier system comprising:

an RF input port for receiving an RF input signal;

an RF output port for providing an amplified output signal in response to said input signal;

a power divider network having an input port coupled to the RF input port and first and second output ports;

a first signal delay element having an input port coupled to the first output port of said power divider network and an output port;

a first amplifier having an input port coupled to the output port of said delay element and an output port;

a directional coupler having an input port coupled to the second output port of said power divider network and a through port and a coupled port;

a continuously variable phase shifter for controlling insertion phase, said phase shifter having an input port coupled to the through port of said directional coupler and an output port;

a second amplifier having an input port coupled to the output port of said phase shifter;

a linear envelope detector network having an input port coupled to the coupled port of the said directional coupler and an output port, wherein said envelope detector output port provides signals responsive to the envelope of the input RF signal;

conduction angle control means, having at least one input port and a plurality of output ports, for generating a plurality of different conduction angle control functions, wherein said conduction angle control functions are responsive to the RF signal envelope applied to said RF power amplifier; and

a dynamic signal combiner network having first and second input ports and an output port, wherein the output port of said first amplifier is coupled to the first input port of the dynamic signal combiner network, the output port of said second amplifier is coupled to the second input port of the dynamic signal combiner network, and the output port of said signal combiner network is coupled to the RF output port.

10. A radio frequency power amplifier system as set out in claim 9, wherein said phase shifter is responsive to a first output port of said conduction angle control means, wherein said first output provides an insertion phase control signal.

11. A radio frequency power amplifier system as set out in claim 9, wherein a second output of said conduction angle control means is functionally coupled to control the bias of said second power amplifier.

12. A radio frequency power amplifier as set out in claim 9, wherein said first RF power amplifier is a main RF power amplifier.

13. A radio frequency power amplifier as set out in claim 9, wherein said second RF power amplifier is an auxiliary RF power amplifier.

14. A radio frequency power amplifier as set out in claim 9, wherein said conduction angle control means provides said control signals as a function of temperature.

15. A method for linear and efficient amplification of an RF input signal, comprising the steps of:

receiving an RF input signal;

sampling the input signal to provide a sampled input signal;

amplifying the input signal with a first amplifier device and applying the amplified signal across a load to provide an output signal;

amplifying the sampled input signal with a second amplifier device and applying the amplified sampled input signal to the output load in parallel with said amplified signal; and

dynamically varying the impedance of said second amplifier device from a first substantially constant impedance near zero value over the lower major portion of the input signal power range to a second higher impedance in a peak power range of the input signal to substantially reduce the load of the first amplifier device when the input signal approaches the peak power region while maintaining the load substantially constant over the lower major portion of the input signal power range.

16. A method for linear and efficient amplification of an RF input signal as set out in claim 15, wherein dynamically varying the impedance of said second amplifier device comprises dynamically varying the bias class of said second amplifier device from a first bias class in a lower portion of the input signal power range to a second bias class in a higher power range of the input signal.

17. A method for linear and efficient amplification of an RF input signal as set out in claim 16, wherein said first bias class is Class C and said second bias class is Class AB or B.

18. A method for linear and efficient amplification of an RF input signal as set out in claim 16, wherein the transition between said first and second bias class is controlled as a function of temperature.

19. A method for linear and efficient amplification of an RF input signal as set out in claim 16, further comprising controlling the phase of the input signal as a function of input signal power.