Method for forming the image in millimetre and sub-millimetre wave band (variants), system for forming the image in millimetre and sub-millimeter wave band (variants), diffuser light (variants) and transceiver (variants)

• US 20060273255A1
• Filed: 11/26/2002
• Published: 12/07/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 11/26/2001
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Astrazeneca AB (Astrazeneca PLC)
• Original Assignee: Astrazeneca AB (Astrazeneca PLC)
• Inventors: Volkov, Leonid Victorovich, Voronko, Alexandr Ivanovich
• Application Number:
  US10/496,654
• Publication Number:
  US 20060273255A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 250/336.100
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/87 Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/88 Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects, e.g. near-field detection, G01V3/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/887 for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/89 for mapping or imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/024 using polarisation effects in waveguides H01P1/165; for aerials H01Q, e.g. H01Q15/22, H01Q15/24, H01Q19/195
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/41 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/411 Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity G01S7/415 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/414 Discriminating targets with respect to background clutter
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/42 Diversity systems specially adapted for radar

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of computer diagnostics. The method consists in the steps of forming radiation forming in this wave range, consisting of separate partial radiations, which are different from each other by values of their physical features, directing of the formed radiations into a side of the observed object, receiving a radiation, dispersed from the observed object, through a focusing element, transforming of the received radiation in electrical signals and forming a synthesized enhance image of the observed object by combining said given electrical signals. Besides, each separate partial radiation is additionally distinctly encoded for example by means of its modulation, which differs from a modulation of other partial radiations, the partial radiations are directed to a diffuser for decreasing their spatial coherence and/or their dispersing by means of different portions of the diffuser in order to create an additional distinctly encoded partial radiations with an additional modulation, corresponding to an angle of impingement onto the observed object. After reflecting of the radiation from the observed object the step of focusing of this radiation to a receiving device is realized, which accomplishes a transforming of set of partial radiations in a corresponding array set of electrical signals, there is realized the step of decoding of partial electrical signals, corresponding to said partial radiations, from each of said electrical signals of said array set there are formed partial images from array sets with various partial electrical signals and then an combination of the partial images or their portions is realized in order to form enhanced resultant image of the object.

Claims

1. A system for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave imaging, comprising at least one source of millimeter or sub-millimeter wave radiation being designed in the form of a set of separate independent radiation elements, wherein constituent radiation emitted by each said radiation element of said set of the radiation elements is characterized by all or a part of its radiation physical features, which are different in value from correspondent radiation physical features of constituent radiation emitted by any other radiation element of said set of the radiation elements, means for focusing radiation of said source, which is previously scattered with an observable object, onto receiving means, designed with capabilities of independent receiving of different portions of the radiation focused thereon, each of which is scattered with a particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or inspection area, being located in a field of view of said means of focusing, and with capabilities to transform said portions of the focused radiation into a correspondent matrix set of electrical signals, receiving means, outputs of which are connected to processing means being intended for generating an correspondent matrix image of the observable object and/or the inspection area from said matrix set of the electrical signals and for further displaying said generated matrix image, therewith each pixel of said matrix image corresponds to a particular electrical signal being generated by the receiving means from a particular portion of the radiation scattered with a correspondent particular spatially-determined portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area and further correspondingly focused on the receiving means by said means of focusing, characterized in that it is provided with a diffuser, disposed at a distance from said radiation source and intended to be illuminated with the radiation of said source and further to scatter the incident radiation towards the inspection area, wherein the diffuser is designed with capabilities to diffusely scatter incident radiation with spatially-different portions of the diffuser each of which provides additional distinct encoding of originated scattered radiation component, due to distinct modulation of scattering characteristics of each of said diffuser portions and with a capability to reduce spatial coherence of diffuser-scattered radiation, in that the said independent radiation elements each of which is designed with capabilities to emit constituent radiation exhibiting either a fixed or time-varied in value said radiation physical features, in that the receiving means is designed with a capability of independent receiving of each encoded radiation component in all the ranges of the variation of values of the physical features of the radiation, incident from the inspection area, i.e. with a capability of time demultiplexing of said correspondent electrical signals, and with a capability of converting each said electrical signal from said matrix set of the electrical signals, by usage of decoding, to an additional set of secondary electrical signals, each of secondary electrical signals of the same said additional set to a particular distinctively encoded radiation component focused either belonging to a single diffuser-originated set of distinctively encoded correspondent radiation components which is originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting a single set of the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation features of said source radiation or belonging to one of such diffuser-originated sets each of which is originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting a particular set of the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation features of said source radiation if said source includes at least one said independent radiation element emitted constituent radiation exhibiting time-varied in value said radiation physical features, therewith each of said distinctively encoded radiation components is focused onto the receiving means from the same particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area, each of which is distinctly received and decoded at one or various instants during a total time of receiving by the receiving means of the radiation components, reflected from, i.e. scattered with, all said correspondent spatial portions of the observable object and/or the inspection area for a single set of the same correspondent values of said radiation features of the radiation of said source or for all possible correspondent such sets if said source includes at least one said independent radiation element emitting constituent radiation exhibiting time-varied in value said radiation physical features provided that each of the correspondent time-varied physical features takes on sufficiently different values, in that the processing means are designed with function of independent receiving of said separate secondary electrical signals, with a function of their arranging into partial matrix sets of said secondary electrical signals each of which, being from the same said partial matrix set, corresponds to a particular distinctively encoded radiation component which originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting the same set of the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation physical features of said source radiation with a function of generating of partial matrix images from correspondent constituent matrix sets of the electrical signals, and with a function of forming of a resultant image of observable object and the inspection area by means of combining said matrix partial images and/or their portions.

2. A system as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the processor is designed with functions of controlling elements of the encoding diffuser and with a variation of distribution of the encoding parameters significances with respect to said portions of the diffuser according to a prescribed algorithm.

3. A system as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that a minimal resolution of the receiving device with respect to said encoding parameter is more tan a minimal difference between significances of encoding parameters of the nearest encoded components of the radiation.

4. A system for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave imaging, comprising at least one source of millimeter or sub-millimeter wave radiation being designed in the form of a set of separate independent radiation elements, wherein constituent radiation emitted by each said radiation element of said set of the radiation elements is characterized by all or a part of its radiation physical features, which are different in value from correspondent radiation physical features of constituent radiation emitted by any other radiation element of said set of the radiation elements, means for focusing radiation of said source, which is previously scattered with an observable object, onto receiving means, designed with capabilities of independent receiving of different portions of the radiation focused thereon, each of which is scattered with a particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or inspection area, being located in a field of view of said means of focusing, and with capabilities to transform said portions of the focused radiation into a correspondent matrix set of electrical signals, receiving means, outputs of which are connected to processing means being intended for generating an correspondent matrix image of the observable object and/or the inspection area from said matrix set of the electrical signals and for further displaying said generated matrix image, therewith each pixel of said matrix image corresponds to a particular electrical signal being generated by the receiving means from a particular portion of the radiation scattered with a correspondent particular spatially-determined portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area and further correspondingly focused on the receiving means by said means of focusing, characterized in that it is provided with a diffuser, disposed at a distance from said radiation source and intended to be illuminated with the radiation of said source and further to scatter the incident radiation towards the inspection area, wherein the diffuser is designed with capabilities to diffusely scatter incident radiation or the diffuser is designed with capabilities to diffusely scatter incident radiation with spatially-different portions of the diffuser each of which provides additional distinct encoding of originated scattered radiation component, due to distinct modulation of scattering characteristics of each of said diffuser portions and/or with a capability to reduce spatial coherence of diffuser-scattered radiation, in that the said independent radiation elements each of which is designed with capabilities to emit constituent radiation exhibiting either a fixed or time-varied in value said radiation physical features, wherein each separate independent radiation element of the radiation source is designed with a capability of encoding of said emitted constituent radiation, including also a capability of its modulation, which is different with respect to encoding of the radiation of other separate independent radiation elements, in that the receiving means is designed with a capability of independent receiving of each encoded radiation component in all the ranges of the variation of values of the physical features of the radiation, incident from the inspection area, i.e. with a capability of time demultiplexing of said correspondent electrical signals, and with a capability of converting each said electrical signal from said matrix set of the electrical signals, by usage of decoding, to an additional set of secondary electrical signals, each of secondary electrical signals of the same said additional set to a particular distinctively encoded radiation component focused either belonging to a single diffuser-originated set of distinctively encoded correspondent radiation components which is originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting a single set of the same correspondent values or closely the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation features of said source radiation or belonging to one of such diffuser-originated sets each of which is originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting a particular set of the same correspondent values or closely the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation features of said source radiation if said source includes at least one said independent radiation element emitted constituent radiation exhibiting time-varied in value said radiation physical features, therewith each of said distinctively encoded radiation components is focused onto the receiving means from the same particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area, each of which is distinctly received and decoded at one or various instants during a total time of receiving by the receiving means of the radiation components, reflected from, i.e. scattered with, all said correspondent spatial portions of the observable object and/or the inspection area for a single set of the same correspondent values or closely the same correspondent values of the radiation of said source or for all possible correspondent such sets if said source includes at least one said independent radiation element emitting constituent radiation exhibiting time-varied in value said radiation physical features provided that each of the correspondent time-varied physical features takes on sufficiently different values, in that the processing means are designed with function of independent receiving of said separate secondary electrical signals, with a function of their arranging into partial matrix sets of said secondary electrical signals each of which, being from the same said partial matrix set, corresponds to a particular distinctively encoded radiation component which originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting the same set of the same correspondent values or closely the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation physical features of said source radiation with a function of generating of partial matrix images from correspondent constituent matrix sets of the electrical signals, and with a function of forming of a resultant image of observable object and the inspection area by means of combining said matrix partial images or their portions.

5. A system as set forth in claim 4, characterized in that distinctive and/or scanned physical parameters of the radiations of said independent elements of radiations are spatial directions of propagation of beams of these radiations such that said diffuser portions, which are spatially distinctive ones and are illuminated by these radiations, correspond to the various distinctive directions of propagation of the correspondent radiations.

6. A system as set forth in claim 4, characterized in that the diffuser is additionally provided with polarization means, separated from the radiation, reflected by the diffuser, a radiation, which is preferably linear-polarized in the first spatial direction, but the receiving device is provided with polarization means for a separation from the radiation, received by it, a radiation, which is linear-polarized in the second spatial direction.

7. A system as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that said first direction coincides with said second direction.

8. A system as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that said first direction is orthogonal one with respect to said second direction.

9. A system as set forth in claim 4, characterized in that each independent element is provide with an adjustable attenuator, controlled by said processor, for permissible decreasing of an average level of power of the electrical signals of the correspondent partial image.

10. A system as set forth in claim 4, characterized in that a radiation frequency is represented by distinctive and/or scanned physical parameters of the radiations of said independent elements of radiations.

11. A system for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave imaging, comprising at least one source of millimeter or sub-millimeter wave radiation, means for focusing radiation of said source, which is previously scattered with an observable object, onto receiving means, designed with capabilities of independent receiving of different portions of the radiation focused thereon, each of which is scattered with a particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or inspection area, being located in a field of view of said means of focusing, and with capabilities to transform said portions of the focused radiation into a correspondent matrix set of electrical signals, receiving means, outputs of which are connected to processing means being intended for generating an correspondent matrix image of the observable object and/or the inspection area from said matrix set of the electrical signals and for further displaying said generated matrix image, therewith each pixel of said matrix image corresponds to a particular electrical signal being generated by the receiving means from a particular portion of the radiation scattered with a correspondent particular spatially-determined portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area and further correspondingly focused on the receiving means by said means of focusing, characterized in that it is provided with a diffuser, disposed at a distance from said radiation source and intended to be illuminated with the radiation of said source and further to scatter the incident radiation towards the inspection area, wherein the diffuser is designed with capabilities to diffusely scatter incident radiation with spatially-different portions of the diffuser each of which provides additional distinct encoding of originated scattered radiation component, due to distinct modulation of scattering characteristics of each of said diffuser portions and with a capability to reduce spatial coherence of diffuser-scattered radiation, in that the radiation source is designed with all or part of radiation physical features of emitted radiation, which are fixed or time varied in value, in that the receiving means is designed with a capability of independent receiving of each encoded radiation component in all the ranges of the variation of values of the physical features of the radiation, incident from the inspection area, i.e. with a capability of time demultiplexing of said correspondent electrical signals, and with a capability of converting each said electrical signal from said matrix set of the electrical signals, by usage of decoding, to an additional set of secondary electrical signals, each of secondary electrical signals of the same said additional set corresponds to a particular distinctively encoded radiation component focused either belonging to a single diffuser-originated set of distinctively encoded correspondent radiation components which is originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting a single set of the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation features of said source radiation or belonging to one of such diffuser-originated sets each of which is originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting a particular set of the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation features of said source radiation if said source includes at least one said independent radiation element emitted constituent radiation exhibiting time-varied in value said radiation physical features, therewith each of said distinctively encoded radiation components is focused onto the receiving means from the same particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area, each of which is distinctly received and decoded at one or various instants-during a total time of receiving by the receiving means of the radiation components, reflected from, i.e. scattered with, all said correspondent spatial portions of the observable object and/or the inspection area for a single set of the same correspondent values of said radiation features of the radiation of said source or for all possible correspondent such sets if said source includes at least one said independent radiation element emitting constituent radiation exhibiting time-varied in value said radiation physical features provided that each of the correspondent time-varied physical features takes on sufficiently different values, in that the processing means are designed with function of independent receiving of said separate secondary electrical signals, with a function of their arranging into partial matrix sets of said secondary electrical signals each of which, being from the same said partial matrix set, corresponds to a particular distinctively encoded radiation component which originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting the same set of the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation physical features of said source radiation with a function of generating of partial matrix images from correspondent constituent matrix sets of the electrical signals, and with a function of forming of a resultant image of observable object and the inspection area by means of combining said matrix partial images or their portions.

12. A system as set forth in claim 11, characterized in that the processor is designed with functions of controlling elements of the encoding diffuser and with a variation of distribution of the encoding parameter significances with respect to said portions of the diffuser according to an algorithm, prescribed by the processor.

13. A system as set forth in claim 11, characterized in that a minimal resolution of the receiving device with respect to said encoding parameter is more tan a minimal difference between significances of encoding parameters of the nearest encoded components of the radiation.

14. A system as set forth in claim 11, characterized in that a radiation frequency is a changed physical parameter of the radiation source.

15. A system for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave imaging, comprising at least one source of millimeter or sub-millimeter wave radiation, means for focusing radiation of said source, which is previously scattered with an observable object, onto receiving means, designed with capabilities of independent receiving of different portions of the radiation focused thereon, each of which is scattered with a particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or inspection area, being located in a field of view of said means of focusing, and with capabilities to transform said portions of the focused radiation into a correspondent matrix set of electrical signals, receiving means, outputs of which are connected to processing means being intended for generating an correspondent matrix image of the observable object and/or the inspection area from said matrix set of the electrical signals and for further displaying said generated matrix image, therewith each pixel of said matrix image corresponds to a particular electrical signal being generated by the receiving means from a particular portion of the radiation scattered with a correspondent particular spatially-determined portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area and further correspondingly focused on the receiving means by said means of focusing, characterized in that it is provided with a diffuser, disposed at a distance from said radiation source and intended to be illuminated with the radiation of said source and further to scatter the incident radiation towards the inspection area, wherein the diffuser is designed a capability to reduce spatial coherence of diffuser-scattered radiation, in that the radiation source is designed with at least one from its radiation physical features of emitted radiation, which is time varied in value, in that the receiving means is designed with a capability of independent receiving of each encoded radiation component in all the ranges of the variation of values of the physical features of the radiation, incident from the inspection area, i.e. with a capability of time demultiplexing of said correspondent electrical signals, and with a capability of converting each said electrical signal from said matrix set of the electrical signals to an additional set of secondary electrical signals, each of secondary electrical signals of the same said additional set corresponds to a particular radiation component focused exhibiting with at least one particular value of at least one of said radiation features of said radiation source, therewith each of said radiation components is focused onto the receiving means from the same particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area, each of which is distinctly received at one or various instants during a total time of receiving by the receiving means of the radiation components, reflected from, i.e. scattered with, all said correspondent spatial portions of the observable object and/or the inspection area for all possible sufficiently different correspondent values of at least one of said radiation features of the radiation of said source, in that the processing means are designed with function of independent receiving of said separate secondary electrical signals, with a function of their arranging into partial matrix sets of said secondary electrical signals which correspondent to radiation components exhibiting the same value or closely the same values of at least one of physical radiation features of said source with a function of generating of partial matrix images from correspondent constituent matrix sets of the electrical signals, and with a function of forming of a resultant image of observable object and the inspection area by means of combining said matrix partial images or their portions.

16. A system as set forth in claim 15, characterized in that a distinctive radiation physical parameter of the radiation source is a direction of its propagation, a variation of which in time leads to a sequential with respect to time illumination of various spatial portions of said diffuser.

17. A system as set forth in claim 15, characterized in that a radiation frequency is a changed physical parameter of the radiation source.

18. A system for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave imaging, comprising at least one source of millimeter or sub-millimeter wave radiation being designed in the form of a set of separate independent radiation elements, wherein constituent radiation emitted by each said radiation element of said set of the radiation elements is characterized by all or a part of its radiation physical features, which are different in value from correspondent radiation features of constituent radiation emitted by any other radiation element of said set of the radiation elements, means for focusing radiation of said source, which is previously scattered with an observable object, onto receiving means, designed with capabilities of independent receiving of different portions of the radiation focused thereon, each of which is scattered with a particular spatial portion of the observable object and/or inspection area, being located in a field of view of said means of focusing, and with capabilities to transform said portions of the focused radiation into a correspondent matrix set of electrical signals, receiving means, outputs of which are connected to processing means being intended for generating an correspondent matrix image of the observable object and/or the inspection area from said matrix set of the electrical signals and for further displaying said generated matrix image, therewith each pixel of said matrix image corresponds to a particular electrical signal being generated by the receiving means from a particular portion of the radiation scattered with a correspondent particular spatially-determined portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area and further correspondingly focused on the receiving means by said means of focusing, characterized in that it is provided with a diffuser, disposed at a distance from said radiation source and intended to be illuminated with the radiation of said source and further to scatter the incident radiation towards the inspection area, wherein the diffuser is designed with capabilities to diffusely scatter incident radiation or the diffuser is designed with capabilities to diffusely scatter incident radiation with spatially-different portions of the diffuser each of which provides additional distinct encoding of originated scattered radiation component, due to distinct modulation of scattering characteristics of each of said diffuser portions and/or with a capability to reduce spatial coherence of diffuser-scattered radiation, in that said means for focusing is designed to be dependent on radiation carrier frequency for which the focal distance of said means for focusing depends on the focused radiation carrier frequency, in that the said independent radiation elements each of which is designed with capabilities to emit constituent radiation either at fixed values of carrier frequencies which are sufficiently different from each other or time-varied in value of frequencies which are swept within quite wide ranges, wherein each separate independent radiation element of the radiation source is designed with a capability of encoding of said emitted constituent radiation, including also a capability of its modulation, which is different with respect to encoding of the radiation of other separate independent radiation elements, in that the receiving means is designed with a capability of independent receiving of each encoded radiation component in all the ranges of the variation of values of the of the radiation, incident from the inspection area, i.e. with a capability of time demultiplexing of said correspondent electrical signals, and with a capability of converting each said electrical signal from said matrix set of the electrical signals, by usage of decoding, to an additional set of secondary electrical signals, each of secondary electrical signals of the same said additional set to a particular distinctively encoded radiation component focused either belonging to a single diffuser-originated set of distinctively encoded correspondent radiation components which is originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting a single set of the same correspondent values or closely the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation carrier frequencies of said source radiation or belonging to one of such diffuser-originated sets each of which is originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting a particular set of the same correspondent values or closely the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation carrier frequencies of said source radiation if said source includes at least one said independent radiation element emitted constituent radiation exhibiting time-varied in value said radiation carrier frequencies, therewith each of said distinctively encoded radiation components is focused onto the receiving means from the correspondent spatial portion of the observable object and/or the inspection area, each of which is distinctly received and decoded at one or various instants during a total time of receiving by the receiving means of the radiation components, reflected from, i.e. scattered with, all said correspondent spatial portions of the observable object and/or the inspection area for a single set of the same correspondent values or closely the same correspondent values of the radiation of said source or for all possible correspondent such sets if said source includes at least one said independent radiation element emitting constituent radiation exhibiting time-varied in value said radiation carrier frequencies provided that each of the correspondent time-varied carrier frequencies takes on sufficiently different values, in that the processing means are designed with function of independent receiving of said separate secondary electrical signals, with a function of their arranging into partial matrix sets of said secondary electrical signals, each of which, being from the same said partial matrix set, corresponds to a particular distinctively encoded radiation component which originated from the radiation of said source exhibiting the same set of the same correspondent values or closely the same correspondent values of the correspondent said radiation carrier frequencies of said source radiation with a function of generating of partial matrix images from correspondent constituent matrix sets of the electrical signals, and with a function of forming of set of partial resultant images of observable object and the inspection area by means of combining said matrix partial images associated with radiation components with the same and closely the same encoding, and with function of forming 3D image of observable object and the inspection area by correspondent spatial arranging frequency-dependent said partially resultant images.

19. A system as set forth in claim 18, characterized in that a zone Fresnel'"'"'s lens is a frequency-dependent element of focusing.

20. A system as set forth in claim 18, characterized in that set of independent elements of radiation includes at least two radiation sources with a frequency, varied in sufficiently wide limits, and each of which is intended for an illumination of spatially different portions of said diffusers.

21. A transceiver of imaging system for an obtainment of complete information from a radiation, scattered by an observable object under conditions of low level of power of radiation illuminating said object, comprising a MMW/SMMW range heterodyne receiver, intended for a receiving of the MMW/SMMW imaged radiation of said imaging system, a source of MMW/SMMW radiation, intended for an illumination of the object or a diffuser, which scatters the source radiation toward object, besides, the heterodyne receiver includes a receiving antenna, connected to a first sub-harmonic mixer fed by a first radiation oscillator, fulfilling a function of the local oscillator for said first sub-harmonic mixer, a first band filter, connected to the first mixer for a separation of intermediate difference frequency signal, a second mixer, a signal input of which is connected to an output of the first band filter, and heterodyne input of which is fed by output signal of a first frequency multiplier input of which is connected to output of said first radiation oscillator, a second band filter, an input of which is connected to an output of said second mixer, a high-frequency or low-frequency analyzer of signals, inputs of which are correspondingly connected through the second band filter to an output of said second mixer, and to an output of said first frequency multiplier, means for signal processing and displaying, connected to an output of said analyzer, a source of radiation consists of a second radiation oscillator, an output of which is connected to an input of a second frequency multiplier, an output of which is connected to a radiation transmitting antenna and includes a servocontrolling unit for servocontrolling of frequency of radiation of said second radiation oscillator by frequency of radiation of the first radiation oscillator by means of forming a frequency difference beat signal of a signal of said first oscillator and a signal of said second oscillator and providing phase locking said frequency difference beat signal by reference signal of a first reference signal oscillator by means of varying said frequency of said second oscillator radiation, the oscillator of the reference signal is intended for an activating of the servocontrolling unit and for a generating of the phase reference signal for said signal analyzer, but said first and said second frequency multipliers and the first sub-harmonic mixer are designed with a capability of functioning at the same harmonic order.

22. A transceiver as set forth in claim 21, characterized in that the signal analyzer represents by itself two analog-digital converters, realizing a synchronous digitizing of the signal from the output of the second band filter and the multiplied signal of the reference signal oscillator from the output of said first frequency multiplier, and a processor which has a memory for loading digital files of said digitized signals and is designed with a capability of a computation of amplitude and phase information of the signals, received by said heterodyning receiver.

23. A transceiver as set forth in claim 21, characterized in that the servocontrolling unit represents by itself a first directional coupler, connected to an output of the first oscillator and realizing a partition of the first oscillator signal with respect to a power into a smaller and greater portions, a second directional coupler is connected to an output of the second oscillator and realizing a partition of the first oscillator signal with respect to a power into a smaller and greater portions, a mixer which has inputs which are intended for a receiving of the smaller portions of said first and second oscillators, the mixer realizes generating a difference frequency signal out of said signals for a feeding of this difference signal via the band filter into one input of phase detector, another input of which is intended for a receiving a signal of said reference signal oscillator, but an error signal of the phase detector, which is a signal of phase mismatch between the difference frequency signal of the signals of said first and second oscillators and the signal of the reference frequency oscillator, is fed to a controlling electrode of the second oscillator for varying the frequency of signal of the second oscillator such that it leads to decreasing of said phase mismatch.

24. A transceiver as set forth in claim 21, characterized in that the heterodyne receiver is mounted on a mechanically scanning device with a capability to receive of radiation of complete image, formed by a system of imaging by means of the heterodyne receiver scanning in a plane of focussed image of this system.

25. A transceiver as set forth in claim 24, characterized in that the heterodyne receiver is designed in the form of an array of heterodyne receivers, disposed in such a manner that phase centers of said antenna receivers of each heterodyne receivers coincide with a plane of focused image of imaging system, but each heterodyne receiver is provided with a directional coupler for a transmission a portion of the power of the second oscillator to a heterodyne input of the correspondent first mixer, but said second oscillator is a general one for all the heterodyne receivers, each of which is designed with a capability to receive a portion of its power via the correspondent direction coupler.

26. A transceiver of system for imaging of MMW/SMMW images for an obtainment of detail information about a radiation, scattered by the object, under conditions of low level of the object illumination power, comprising a receiver based on direct amplification and detection of received MMW/SMMW radiation, intended for a receiving of MMW/SMMW radiation images in said system for imaging, a source of composite MMW/SMMW radiation, intended for an illumination of the object or diffuser, which disperses the source radiation toward the object, besides, the receiver for direct amplification and detection includes a receiving antenna, connected to an amplifier of high frequency, a signal of which is fed into a square-law detector, an analyzer of signal, an input of which is connected via a filter to an output of said square-law detector, means for signal processing and displaying, connected to an output of the analyzer, a source of composite radiation, consisting of a first radiation oscillator, connected to a first directional coupler and dividing the signal of the first oscillator with respect to a power onto a greater and smaller portions, and of a second radiation oscillator, connected to a second directional coupler, dividing the signal of the second oscillator with respect to a power onto a greater and smaller portions, of output antenna system, intended for a transmission of said greater portions of power of signals of the first and second oscillators in a free space preferably by the same way, a servocontrolling unit, to inputs of which from the correspondent outputs of said directional couplers there are fed said signals of smaller power of correspondently first and second oscillators and which is intended for servocontrolling radiation frequency of the second radiation oscillator by frequency of the first radiation oscillator, and an oscillator of reference signal, intended for an activating of the servocontrolling unit and for a generating of the reference signal for said signal analyzer.

27. A transceiver as set forth in claim 26, characterized in that said analyzer represents by itself a band filter with a central pass frequency, corresponding to a frequency of said oscillator of reference signal, connected to an analog-digital convertyer, realizing digital samplings of signal and fillings by these samplings a memory of processor, realizing a processing of these samplings in order to obtain a spectral composition of this signal.

28. A transceiver as set forth in claim 27, characterized in that said analyzer additionally consists of mixer, a signal input of which is connected to an output of said band filter, but to a heterodyne input of said mixer there is fed by a signal of the reference signal oscillator, and an output signal of said mixer via the filter is fed to an input of the analog-digital converter, realizing digital samplings of signal and fillings by these samplings the memory of the processor, besides the processor realizes a digital processing of these samplings in order to obtain a spectral composition of this signal.

29. A transceiver as set forth in claim 26, characterized in that the servocontrolling unit represents by itself a mixer, inputs of which are intended for a receiving of the smaller signal portions of said first and second oscillators and are connected to the correspondent outputs of said first and second directional couplers, and which realizes a separation of the difference frequency signal out of said signals for feeding of this difference frequency signal via the band filter to one input of the phase detector, another input of which is intended for a receiving of signal of said reference signal oscillator, but an error signal of the phase detector, which is a signal of phase mismatch between the difference frequency signal of the signals of said first and second oscillators and the signal of the reference frequency oscillator, is fed to a controlling electrode of the second oscillator for varying the frequency of the second oscillator signal such that it provides a decrease of said phase mismatch.

30. A transceiver as set forth in claim 26, characterized in that the receiver for the direct amplification and detection is mounted on a scanning device with a capability to receive of complete image radiation, formed by a system of imaging by means of the heterodyne receiver scanning in a plane of focused image of this system.

31. A transceiver as set forth in claim 26, characterized in that in a area of focusing of focusing element of the imaging system there is positioned an array of said receivers for the direct amplification and detection in such a manner that receiving antennae of said receivers are positioned near to a surface of focused image of the focusing element.

32. A transceiver as set forth in claim 27, characterized in that in it there is used a set of said composite radiation sources, besides, frequencies of signals of the reference signal oscillators of the correspondent sources differ from each other, to an output of the square-law detector of the receiver for the direct amplification and detection there are parallel connected several said analyzers of signals, a number of which equals to a number of said sources of composite radiation in said set, and a central frequency of the band filter of the correspondent analyzer equals to a frequency of signal of the reference oscillator of the correspondent source of the composite radiation.

33. A transceiver as set forth in claim 27, characterized in that in it there is used the set of said sources of composite radiation, besides, the frequencies of signals of the oscillator of the reference signals of the correspondent sources differ from each other, to an output of the square-law detector of the receiver for the direct amplification and detection there are parallel connected several said analyzers of signals, a number of which equals to a number of said sources of composite radiation in said set, and a central frequency of the band filter of the correspondent analyzer equals to a frequency of signal of the back-up oscillator of the correspondent source of the composite radiation, besides to an heterodyne input of mixer of said signal analyzer there is fed a signal of reference oscillator of said source of the composite radiation.

34. A transceiver as set forth in claim 28, characterized in that various sources of the composite radiation from the set of the sources are intended for an illumination of preferably spatially-different portions of the object or diffuser.

35. A transceiver as set forth in claim 28, characterized in that various sources of the composite radiation from the set of sources have essentially different their average frequencies, calculate as an arithmetic mean of frequencies of correspondent paired oscillators.

36. A transceiver as set forth in claim 26, characterized in that a radiation of said greater portion of signal of the first oscillator, propagating in a free space,

is preferably linearly polarized in a first spatial direction, but a radiation of said greater portion of signal of the second oscillator, propagating in a free space, is preferably linearly polarized in a second spatial direction.

37. A transceiver as set forth in claim 36, characterized in that the first spatial direction coincides with the second spatial direction.

38. A transceiver as set forth in claim 36, characterized in that the first spatial direction is orthogonal to the second spatial direction.

39. A transceiver as set forth in claim 36, characterized in that the receiver is provided with a polarization means, separating a radiation, linearly polarized in the first spatial direction, from a radiation, impinging on it.

40. A transceiver as set forth in claim 36, characterized in that the receiver is provided with polarization means, separating a radiation, linearly polarized in the second spatial direction, from a radiation, impinging on it.

41. A transceiver as set forth in claim 26, characterized in that the frequencies of the first and second oscillators of the composite radiation are simultaneously increased or decrease in a sufficiently wide range of frequencies, but said servocontrolling unit saves said servocontrolling of frequency of the second oscillator frequency of the first oscillator radiation in all the mentioned range of the frequencies.

42. A transceiver of system for imaging of MMW/SMMW images for an obtainment of detail information about a radiation, dispersed by the object, under conditions of low level of the object illumination power, comprising a receiver for direct amplification and detection of MMW/SMMW radiation, intended for a receiving of MMW/SMMW radiation images in said system for imaging in a plane of its focusing element focused image, a source of MMW/SMMW radiation, intended for an illumination of the object, which disperses the source radiation into the direction of the object, the receiver for direct amplification and detection includes a receiving antenna, connected to an MMW/SMMW amplifier, a signal of which is fed to a square-law detector, a high-frequency or low-frequency analyzer of signal, an input of which is connected via a filter to an output of said square-law detector, means for processing and displaying, connected to an output of the signal analyzer, the radiation source consists of a composite radiation source and diffuser, which is illuminated by a radiation of said composite radiation source and which disperses to a side of the object a radiation, impinging on the diffuser, said diffuser consists of spatially distributed point scatterers which are designed with functions to realizing a distinctive modulation of radiation, dispersed by them, a source of composite radiation, consisting of a first radiation oscillator, connected to a first directional coupler and dividing the signal of the first oscillator with respect to a power onto a greater and smaller portions, and of a second radiation oscillator, connected to a second directional coupler, dividing the signal of the second oscillator with respect to a power onto a greater and smaller portions, output antenna system, intended for a transmission of said greater portions of power of signals of the first and second oscillators in a free space preferably by the same way, a servocontrolling unit, to inputs of which from the correspondent outputs of said directional couplers there are fed said signals of smaller power of correspondently first and second oscillators and a servocontrolling unit which is intended for servocontrolling of radiation frequency of the second radiation oscillator by frequency of the first radiation oscillator, and an oscillator of reference signal, intended for an activating of the servocontrolling unit and for a generating of the reference signal for said signal analyzer.

43. A transceiver as set forth in claim 42, characterized in that said signal analyzer represents by itself a band filter with a central pass frequency, corresponding to a correspondent frequency of said reference signal oscillator, connected to an analog-digital converter, realizing digital samplings of signal and fillings by these samplings a memory of the processing means, realizing a processing of these samplings in order to obtain a spectral composition of this signal.

44. A transceiver as set forth in claim 43, characterized in that said analyzer is additionally consists of mixer, a signal input of which is connected to an output of said band filter, but to a reference input of said mixer there is fed a signal of the reference signal oscillator, and an output signal of said mixer via the filter is fed to an input of the analog-digital converter, realizing digital samplings of signal and fillings by these samplings the memory of the processor, besides the processing means realizes a digital processing of these samplings in order to obtain a spectral composition of this signal.

45. A transceiver as set forth in claim 42, characterized in that the servocontrolling unit represents by itself a mixer, inputs of which are intended for a receiving of the smaller signal portions of said first and second oscillators and are connected to the correspondent outputs of said first and second directional couplers, and which realizes a separation of the difference frequency signal out of said signals for feeding of this difference frequency signal via the band filter to one input of the phase detector, another input of which is intended for a receiving of signal of said reference signal oscillator, but an error signal of the phase detector, which is a signal of phase mismatch between the difference frequency signal of the signals of said first and second oscillators and the signal of the reference frequency oscillator, is fed to a controlling electrode of the second oscillator for varying the frequency of the second oscillator signal for decreasing said phase mismatch.

46. A transceiver as set forth in claim 42, characterized in that the receiver for the direct amplification and detection is mounted on a scanning device with a capability to receive of complete image radiation, formed by a system of imaging by means of the heterodyne receiver scanning in a plane of focused image of this system.

47. A transceiver as set forth in claim 42, characterized in that in the area of the of focused image of the focusing element there is positioned an array of said receivers for the direct amplification and detection in such a manner that antennae of said receivers are disposed in a zone of the plane of focused image of the focusing element.

48. A transceiver as set forth in claim 43, characterized in that there is used a set of said sources of composite radiation, besides the frequencies of signals of the reference oscillators of the correspondent sources differ from each other, but to an output of the square-law detector of the receiver for the direct amplification and detection there are parallel connected several said analyzers of signals, a number of which equals to a number of said sources of composite radiation in said set, and a central frequency of the band filter of the correspondent analyzer equals to a frequency of signal of the reference oscillator of the correspondent source of the composite radiation.

49. A transceiver as set forth in claim 43, characterized in that there is used a set of said sources of composite radiation, besides the frequencies of signals of the reference oscillators of the correspondent sources differ from each other, but to an output of the square-law detector of the receiver for the direct amplification and detection there are parallel connected several said analyzers of signals, a number of which equals to a number of said sources of composite radiation in said set, and a central frequency of the band filter of the correspondent analyzer equals to a frequency of signal of the reference oscillator of the correspondent source of the composite radiation, and, besides, to a reference input of mixer of said signal analyzer there is fed a signal of reference oscillator of said source of the composite radiation.

50. A transceiver as set forth in claim 49, characterized in that the various sources of composite radiation of the set of the sources illuminate preferably spatially-distinctive portions of the diffuser or object.

51. A transceiver as set forth in claim 50, characterized in that the various sources of composite radiation of the set of the sources have essentially different their average frequencies, calculated as an arithmetic mean of the frequencies of correspondent paired oscillators.

52. A transceiver as set forth in claim 42, characterized in that a radiation of said greater portion of signal of the first oscillator, propagating in a free space, is preferably linearly polarized in a first spatial direction, but a radiation of said greater portion of signal of the second oscillator, propagating in a free space, is preferably linearly polarized in a second spatial direction.

53. A transceiver as set forth in claim 52, characterized in that the first spatial direction coincides with the second spatial direction.

54. A transceiver as set forth in claim 52, characterized in that the first spatial direction is orthogonal one with respect to the second spatial direction.

55. A transceiver as set forth in claim 52, characterized in that the receiver is provided with a polarization means, separating a radiation, linearly polarized in the first spatial direction, from a radiation, impinging on it.

56. A transceiver as set forth in claim 52, characterized in that the receiver is provided with polarization means, separating a radiation, linearly polarized in the second spatial direction, from a radiation, impinging on it.

57. A transceiver as set forth in claim 42, characterized in that the frequencies of the first and second oscillators of the composite radiation

are simultaneously increased or decreased in a sufficiently wide range of frequencies, but said servocontrolling unit saves said servocontrolling of frequency and phase of the second oscillator by frequency and phase of the first oscillator in all the mentioned range of the frequencies.

58. A transceiver as set forth in claim 42, characterized in that said distinctive modulation of radiation, dispersing by means of point dispersers of the diffuser, is a phase modulation.

59. A transceiver as set forth in claim 42, characterized in that said distinctive modulation of radiation, dispersing by means of point dispersers of the diffuser, is an amplitude modulation.

60. A diffuser illuminator for imaging system in MMW/SMMW range, intended for an illumination of inspection area by means of encoded spatially-non-coherent radiation, illuminated by means of at least one radiation source in MMW/SMMW range, designed in the form of limited amount of the same sets of separate independent elements of radiation, all the physical parameters of radiation or their portion of each from said radiation elements inside of each set are(is)) different with respect to physical parameters of radiation of other elements of radiation, wherein said diffuser is positioned at a distance from said radiation source and intended to be illuminated by said source radiation and further to scatter the incident radiation toward said inspection area, the diffuser is designed with a capability of a realization of function of decreasing of spatial coherence of the radiation, scattered by it, each separate independent element of radiation of the radiation source of any said set is designed with a capability of encoding the emitted radiation, including also its modulation of any kind, different from encoding of the radiation of other separate independent element from the same set or from anyone other set, besides, the independent sources from one said set illuminate preferably the same spatial portion of said diffuser, but the independent sources of various sets illuminate preferably spatially different portions of said diffuser.

61. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 60, characterized in that the diffuser is designed in the form of spatially-distributed set of point dispersing elements, dispersing an impinging radiation by distinctive way with respect to one another owing to a distinctive modulation of their dispersing properties along an arbitrary shape of underlying surface.

62. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 61, characterized in that said underlying surface has the given shape, but the sets of the independent elements of radiation, illuminating the diffuser, are positioned with respect to the diffuser with a capability of provision of the most range of impinging angles of the radiation, dispersed by the diffuser into the inspection area.

63. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 61, characterized in that the dispersing element is designed in the form of mirror reflecting element, mounted on a piece-flat base, besides, distinctly reflecting elements are designed with a capability of movement with respect to the correspondent base by distinctive from each other way and at a distance, that does not exceed a half of length of backlighting radiation.

64. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 63, characterized in that the for a realization of movement of the elements they are fastened to magnetic cores of current inductance coils or to piezo-elements, fed by means of electrical currents, which are accidental or regularly changeable in time by distinctive way.

65. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 61, characterized in that the dispersing element is designed in the form of mesomorphic cell, besides, optical properties of various independent mesomorphic cells of such a diffuser are variable by accidental or regularly distinctive way for different cells.

66. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 60, characterized in that the diffuser is designed in the form of rotating reflector with an accidental surface of reflection.

67. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 60, characterized in that the diffuser is designed in the form of a set of correspondently small reflectors with an accidental surface of reflection,

each of which rotates around own rotation axis and each of which is illuminated by own said set of the independent radiation elements, which are positioned together with said sets in a space in such a manner, that the most range of impinging angles of the radiation, dispersed by the diffuser into the inspection area, is provided.

68. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 60, characterized in that the diffuser is designed in the form of phase antenna array, each element phase shifter of which is designed with a function of a variation of phase of passing or reflected radiation, which is distinctive in time.

69. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 61, characterized in that said independent elements are designed with a capability of generation of radiation, which is linearly polarized in a first spatial direction, but said dispersing element is designed in the form of independent quasi-optical radiation switch, representing by itself a set of spatially-distributed independent conducting elements, positioned on a flat base, besides, adjacent conducting elements are connected by means of non-linear elements, preferably, in the first spatial direction, besides, a modulation of impedance of the non-linear element results in a modulation of amplitude or phase of wave front, impinging normally onto such a switch depending on resistive or capacitive character of the impedance of said non-linear element.

70. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 61, wherein the dispersing element is designed in the form of antenna, loaded by the impedance.

71. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 70, characterized in that each antenna, loaded by the impedance, represents by itself at least two conducting antenna portions, connected between each other by means of non-linear element for a provision with impedance load and equipped each by correspondent contacts for feeding to said impedance load a voltage of shifting and/or modulation signal for controlling of impedance value of this load.

72. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 71, characterized in that as a non-linear element of the impedance load there is selected a photo-conducting element, but an optical signal is used as a modulation signal.

73. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 71, characterized in that as a non-linear element of the impedance load there is selected a non-linear semiconductor device from a group, including at least a diode with a Schottky'"'"'s barrier, or pin-diode, or a transistor, or a bolometer.

74. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 71, characterized in that as a non-linear element of the impedance load there is selected a micro-mechanical switch.

75. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 60, characterized in that each said set consists of one independent radiation element.

76. A diffuser illuminator for imaging systems in MMW/SMMW range, intended for an illumination of inspection area by means of encoded spatially-non-coherent radiation, comprising at least one radiation source in MMW/SMMW range, and a diffuser, positioned at a distance from said radiation source and intended for its illumination by means of said source radiation and to further scatter the incident radiation towards the inspection area, the diffuser is designed in the form of a set of spatially-distributed radiation point scatterers, which are designed in such a manner, that they realize an amplitude modulation of radiation, scattered by them distinctly with respect to one another.

77. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 76, characterized in that the dispersing element of the diffuser is designed in the form of independent quasi-optical radiation switch, designed in the form of a set of spatially-distributed conducting elements, the adjacent conducting elements inside of said set are connected to each other preferably in a first spatial direction by means of connecting elements, each of which has a first impedance state, being a high-conducting one, and a second impedance state, being a low-conducting one, the conducting elements of each of spatially-distributed set, as a response on a radiation, impinging on the given set, being preferably polarized in the first spatial direction, have a characteristic impedance, which becomes insufficient in a combination with the first impedance states of the connecting elements, positioned preferably in the first state so, that a radiation, impinging onto the given spatially-distributed set, being preferably polarized in the first spatial direction, occurs preferably reflected by said spatially-distributed set, the conducting elements each of said set, connected by means of connecting elements, being preferably in the second impedance state, have a characteristic impedance, as a response on said impinging radiation in combination with the second impedance states of said connecting elements on the given set, high one, and such a quasi-optical switch occurs transparent one for a radiation, impinging on it.

78. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 77, characterized in that as a non-linear element of the impedance load there is selected a photo-conducting element, but an optical signal is used as a modulation signal.

79. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 77, characterized in that as a non-linear element of the impedance load there is selected a non-linear semiconductor device from a group, including at least a diode with a Schottky'"'"'s barrier, or pin-diode, or a transistor, or a bolometer.

80. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 77, characterized in that as a non-linear element of the impedance load there is selected a micro-mechanical switch.

81. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 77, characterized in that an independent spatial structure is designed in the form of two conducting portions of antenna of MMW and/or sub-millimeter range.

82. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 77, characterized in that a radiation source is designed so that it comprises additionally polarization means, passing the radiation in side of the diffuser, which is polarized only in the first spatial direction.

83. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 76, characterized in that it is designed in the form of a set of separate independent radiation elements, all the physical parameters of radiation or their portion of each from said radiation elements inside of each set are (is) different with respect to physical parameters of radiation of other elements of radiation, each separate independent element of radiation of the radiation source of any said set is designed with a capability of own radiation encoding, including also its modulation, different from encoding of radiation of other separate independent elements of radiation.

84. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 76, characterized in that characteristic angular dimensions of said point dispersers of the diffuser, observed from said inspection area, are less than angular dimensions of own diffuser, observed from the same spatial point of the inspection area.

85. A diffuser illuminator as set forth in claim 76, characterized in that said point dispersers are preferably spatially-continuously and preferably spatially-regularly distributed.

86. A method for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave imaging, consisting in the steps of forming a composite radiation in the millimeter and sub-millimeter range of waves, consisting of partial radiations, differing from one another by values of physical features, directing of the formed composite radiation towards to observed object, receiving the radiation, primarily scattered with the observed object, through a focusing means, transforming of the received composite radiation to electrical signals and generating a visually accepted image of the observed object in accordance with the given electrical signals, characterized in that each partial radiation is additionally encoded by means of its modulation, which differs from a modulation of other partial radiations, the partial radiations are directed to a diffuser for decreasing their spatial coherence and/or their scattering by spatially-different radiation-modulating portions of the diffuser in order to originate radiation components each of which is secondary distinctly modulated and exhibits a particular direction of incidence on observed object, after reflecting said components from, i.e. scattering with, the observed object focusing of the components on the receiving means which is designed with capability to independently receive portions of a radiation each of which is incident from a particular spatial portion of inspection area with the observed object, receiving by means of said receiving means the reflected multi-component radiation independently from each spatial portion of inspection area with the observed object and transforming by means of said receiving means the received said portions multi-components radiation in correspondent matrix set of electrical signals, decoding and generating secondary electrical signals from said matrix set electrical signals, arranging said secondary signals into secondary matrix sets of the secondary electrical signals such that the secondary electrical signals from the same said set correspond to distinctly received said portions of a particular distinctly encoded radiation component which are correspondingly associated with said complementary spatial portions of inspection area with the observed object, generating matrix partial images of inspection area with the observed object from correspondent secondary matrix sets of secondary electrical signals, forming a resultant image of inspection area with the observed object by combining said partial matrix partial images or their portions.

87. A method for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave imaging, consisting in the steps of forming a composite radiation in the millimeter and sub-millimeter range of waves, consisting of partial radiation components, differing from one another by values of physical features, directing of the formed composite radiation towards to observed object, receiving the radiation, primarily scattered with the observed object, through a focusing means, transforming of the received composite radiation to electrical signals and generating a visually accepted image of the observed object from said electrical signals, characterized in that each partial radiation component is additionally encoded by means of its modulation, which differs from a modulation of other partial radiation components, after reflecting said radiation components from, i.e. scattering with, the observed object focusing of the components on the receiving means which is designed with capability independently to receive portions of a radiation each of which is incident from a particular spatial portion of the inspection area with the observed object, distinctly receiving by means of said receiving means portions of the reflected, i.e. scattered, multi-component radiation independently from each spatial portion of the inspection area with the observed object and transforming by means of said receiving means the received said portions multi-components radiation in correspondent matrix set of electrical signals, decoding and generating secondary electrical signals from said matrix set electrical signals such that arranging said secondary signals into secondary matrix sets of secondary electrical signals such that secondary electrical signals from the same said set correspond to distinctly received said portions of a particular distinctly encoded radiation component which are correspondingly associated with said complementary spatial portions of the inspection area with the observed object, generating matrix partial images of the inspection area with the observed object from correspondent secondary matrix sets of secondary electrical signals, forming a resultant image of the inspection area with the observed object by combining said partial matrix partial images or their portions.