Non-aqueous secondary battery and its control methods

• US 20060281004A1
• Filed: 08/14/2006
• Published: 12/14/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/1998
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kri, Inc. (Osaka Gas Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Kri, Inc. (Osaka Gas Company Limited)
• Inventors: Kato, Shiro, Tajiri, Hiroyuki, Kinoshita, Hajime, Kikuta, Haruo, Yata, Shizukuni
• Granted Patent: US 8,110,303 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/162
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0413 Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0436 Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0468 Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0585 of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/42 Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells H01M10/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/486 for measuring temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/613 Cooling or keeping cold
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/625 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/647 Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/021 Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/027 Negative electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/583 Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/103 prismatic or rectangular H01M50/109, H01M50/11 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/417 Polyolefins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/44 : Fibrous material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/454 : comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/46 : Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/491 : Porosity
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/55 : on the same side of the cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/562 : characterised by the material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/566 : by welding, soldering or brazing
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention provides a non-aqueous secondary battery having positive and negative electrodes and non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium salt which has an energy capacity of 30 Wh or more, a volume energy density of 180 Wh/l or higher, which battery has a flat shape and is superior in heat radiation characteristic, used safely and particularly preferably used for a energy storage system. The invention also provides a control method of the secondary battery.

Claims

1. A non-aqueous secondary battery comprising positive and negative electrodes and a lithium salt-containing electrolyte, the battery being at least 30 Wh in energy capacity and at least 180 Wh/l in volume energy density and having a flat shape with a thickness of less than 12 mm.

2. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode contains manganese oxide.

3. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode is formed by using graphite having an average particle diameter of 1 to 50 μ

m as active material, a resin as binder, and a metal as current collector, the negative electrode having a porosity of 20 to 35%, an electrode density of 1.40 to 1.70 g/cm³, and an capacity of electrode of 400 Ah/cm³ or higher.

4. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein the negative electrode contains a graphite material obtained by graphitizing mesocarbon microbeads.

5. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises as active material double-structure graphite particles formed with graphite-based particles and amorphous carbon layers covering the surface of the. graphite-based particles, the graphite-based particles having (d002) spacing of (002) planes of not more than 0.34 nm as measured by X-ray wide-angle diffraction method, the amorphous carbon layers having (d002) spacing of (002) planes of 0.34 nm or higher.

6. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 5, wherein the negative electrode is formed by using double-structure graphite particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 50 μ

m as active material, a resin as binder, and a metal as current collector, the negative electrode having a porosity of 20 to 35%, an electrode density of 1.20 to 1.60 g/cm³, and an capacity of electrode of 400 mAh/cm³ or higher.

7. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises as active material a carbon material manufactured by mixing at least one of artificial graphite and natural graphite with a carbon material having volatile components on the surface and/or in the inside and baking the mixture.

8. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 7, wherein the negative electrode is formed by using a resin as binder and a metal as current collector, the negative electrode having a porosity of 20 to 35%, an electrode density of 1.20 to 1.60 g/cm³, and an capacity of electrode of 400 mAh/cm³ or higher.

9. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the front and rear sides of the flat shape are rectangular.

10. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the wall thickness of a battery case of the non-aqueous secondary battery is not less than 0.2 mm and not more than 1 mm.

11. A secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium salt and having a flat shape.

12. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 11, wherein

when a pressure of 2.5 kg/cm² is applied to the direction of thickness of the separator, the thickness A of the separator is not less than 0.02 mm and not more than 0.15 mm and the porosity of the separator is 40% or higher, and

when the absolute value of a change rate of the thickness (mm) of the separator relative to the pressure (kg/cm²) applied to the direction of thickness of the separator is defined as B (mm/(kg/cm²)), the pressure F which renders B/A=1 is not less than 0.05 kg/cm² and not more than 1 kg/cm².

13. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 11, wherein

the separator has a first separator and a second separator different from the first separator,

when a pressure of 2.5 kg/cm² is applied to the direction of thickness of the separator, the thickness A of the first separator is not less than 0.02 mm and not more than 0.15 mm and the porosity of the first separator is 40% or higher, and

when the absolute value of a change rate of the thickness (mm) or the first separator relative to the pressure (kg/cm²) applied to the direction of thickness of the first separator is defined as B (mm/(kg/cm²)), the pressure F which renders B/A=1 is not less than 0.05 kg/cm² and not more than 1 kg/cm², and

the second separator is micro-porous film having a thickness of 0.05 mm or less, a pore diameter of 5 mm or less, and a porosity of 25% or more.

14. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 11, wherein

the separator is bonded with the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode.

15. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 14, wherein the separator is bonded with the positive electrode and the negative electrode by fusing part of the separator and, passages for the non-aqueous electrolyte are formed to penetrate the separator from the front side surface to the rear side surface thereof.

16. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 12, wherein the non-aqueous secondary battery has a flat shape with a thickness of less than 12 mm and is at least 30 Wh in energy capacity and at least 180 Wh/l in volume energy density.

17. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 12, wherein the front side and the rear side of the flat shape are rectangular.

18. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 12, wherein the wall thickness of a battery case of the non-aqueous secondary battery is not less than 0.2 and not more than 1 mm.

19. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 12, wherein the separator is made of a material comprising at least one of polyethylene or polypropylene as a main component.

20-29. -29. (canceled)

30. A secondary battery for a energy storage system, comprising positive and negative terminals for charge and discharge provided on the battery case and operation-parameter measuring electrodes extending from different portions of the battery to the outside of the battery case for measurement of the operation parameters in the battery.