Nanoparticulate acetaminophen formulations

• US 20060292214A1
• Filed: 06/05/2006
• Published: 12/28/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 06/03/2005
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Elan Pharma International Limited (Perrigo Company PLC)
• Original Assignee: Elan Pharma International Limited (Perrigo Company PLC)
• Inventors: Jenkins, Scott, Liversidge, Gary G.
• Application Number:
  US11/446,564
• Publication Number:
  US 20060292214A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 424/451
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/167 having the nitrogen of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/145 with organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/146 with organic macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/04 Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 29/00 Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Abstract

The invention is directed to compositions comprising a nanoparticulate acetaminophen composition, or a salt or derivative thereof, having improved bioavailability. The nanoparticulate acetaminophen particles of the composition have an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm and are useful in the treatment of aches and pain, and in the reduction of fever and related conditions.

Claims

1. A stable nanoparticulate acetaminophen composition comprising:

(a) particles of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof having an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm; and

(b) at least one surface stabilizer.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the particles of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof are selected from the group consisting of a crystalline phase, an amorphous phase, a semi-crystalline phase, an semi amorphous phase, and mixtures thereof.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the effective average particle size of the acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of less than about 1900 nm, less than about 1800 nm, less than about 1700 nm, less than about 1600 nm, less than about 1500 nm, less than about 1400 nm, less than about 1300 nm, less than about 1200 nm, less than about 1100 nm, less than about 1000 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 75 nm, and less than about 50 nm.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated:

(a) for administration selected from the group consisting of parental injection, oral administration in solid, liquid, or aerosol form, vaginal, nasal, rectal, otically, ocular, local, buccal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, and topical administration;

(b) into a dosage form selected from the group consisting of liquid dispersions, gels, sachets, solutions, aerosols, ointments, tablets, capsules, creams, and mixtures thereof;

(c) into a dosage form selected from the group consisting of controlled release formulations, fast melt formulations, lyophilized formulations, delayed release formulations, extended release formulations, pulsatile release formulations, and mixed immediate release and controlled release formulations;

or

(d) any combination thereof.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, or a combination thereof.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein:

(a) acetaminophen is present in an amount consisting of from about 99.5% to about 0.001%, from about 95% to about 0.1%, and from about 90% to about 0.5%, by weight, based on the total combined weight of acetaminophen and at least one surface stabilizer, not including other excipients;

(b) at least one surface stabilizer is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 99.999% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 99.9% by weight, and from about 10% to about 99.5% by weight, based on the total combined dry weight of acetaminophen and at least one surface stabilizer, not including other excipients;

or

(c) a combination thereof.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the surface stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of a non-ionic surface stabilizer, an anionic surface stabilizer, a cationic surface stabilizer, a zwitterionic surface stabilizer, and an ionic surface stabilizer.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the surface stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of cetyl pyridinium chloride, gelatin, casein, phosphatides, dextran, glycerol, gum acacia, cholesterol, tragacanth, stearic acid, benzalkonium chloride, calcium stearate, glycerol monostearate, cetostearyl alcohol, cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, polyoxyethylene stearates, colloidal silicon dioxide, phosphates, sodium dodecylsulfate, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, hydroxypropyl celluloses, hypromellose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hypromellose phthalate, noncrystalline cellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate, triethanolamine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol polymer with ethylene oxide and formaldehyde, poloxamers;

poloxamines, a charged phospholipid, dioctylsulfosuccinate, dialkylesters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, alkyl aryl polyether sulfonates, mixtures of sucrose stearate and sucrose distearate, p-isononylphenoxypoly-(glycidol), decanoyl-N-methylglucamide;

n-decyl β

-D-glucopyranoside;

n-decyl β

-D-maltopyranoside;

n-dodecyl β

-D-glucopyranoside;

n-dodecyl β

-D-maltoside;

heptanoyl-N-methylglucamide;

n-heptyl-β

-D-glucopyranoside;

n-heptyl β

-D-thioglucoside;

n-hexyl β

-D-glucopyranoside;

nonanoyl-N-methylglucamide;

n-noyl β

-D-glucopyranoside;

octanoyl-N-methylglucamide;

n-octyl-β

-D-glucopyranoside;

octyl β

-D-thioglucopyranoside;

lysozyme, PEG-phospholipid, PEG-cholesterol, PEG-cholesterol derivative, PEG-vitamin A, PEG-vitamin E, lysozyme, random copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl pyrrolidone, a cationic polymer, a cationic biopolymer, a cationic polysaccharide, a cationic cellulosic, a cationic alginate, a cationic nonpolymeric compound, a cationic phospholipid, cationic lipids, polymethylmethacrylate trimethylammonium bromide, sulfonium compounds, polyvinylpyrrolidone-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate dimethyl sulfate, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, phosphonium compounds, quarternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-di(2-chloroethyl)ethylammonium bromide, coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride, coconut trimethyl ammonium bromide, coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium bromide, decyl triethyl ammonium chloride, decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride bromide, C<sub>12−

15</sub>dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, C<sub>12−

15</sub>dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride bromide, coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium bromide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy)₄ ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy)₄ ammonium bromide, N-alkyl (C<sub>12−

18</sub>)dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, N-alkyl (C<sub>14−

18</sub>)dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride, N-tetradecylidmethylbenzyl ammonium chloride monohydrate, dimethyl didecyl ammonium chloride, N-alkyl and (C<sub>12−

14</sub>) dimethyl 1-napthylmethyl ammonium chloride, trimethylammonium halide, alkyl-trimethylammonium salts, dialkyl-dimethylammonium salts, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, ethoxylated alkyamidoalkyldialkylammonium salt, an ethoxylated trialkyl ammonium salt, dialkylbenzene dialkylammonium chloride, N-didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, N-tetradecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium, chloride monohydrate, N-alkyl(C<sub>12−

14</sub>) dimethyl 1-naphthylmethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl benzenealkyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, alkylbenzyl methyl ammonium chloride, alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, C₁₂ trimethyl ammonium bromides, C₁₅ trimethyl ammonium bromides, C₁₇ trimethyl ammonium bromides, dodecylbenzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), dimethyl ammonium chlorides, alkyldimethylammonium halogenides, tricetyl methyl ammonium chloride, decyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltriethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, methyl trioctylammonium chloride, POLYQUAT 10™

, tetrabutylammonium bromide, benzyl trimethylammonium bromide, choline esters, benzalkonium chloride, stearalkonium chloride compounds, cetyl pyridinium bromide, cetyl pyridinium chloride, halide salts of quaternized polyoxyethylalkylamines, MIRAPOL™

, ALKAQUAT™

, alkyl pyridinium salts;

amines, amine salts, amine oxides, imide azolinium salts, protonated quatemary acrylamides, methylated quaternary polymers, and cationic guar.

9. The composition of claim 1, additionally comprising one or more active agents useful for the treatment of aches and pain, and the reduction of fever and related conditions.

10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the one or more active agents is selected from the group consisting of an narcotic analgesic selected from the group consisting of morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and combinations thereof.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the one or more active agents comprises hydrocodone.

12. The composition claim 1, wherein:

(a) upon administration to a mammal the particles of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof redisperse such that the particles have an effective average particle size selected from the group consisting of less than about 2 microns, less than about 1900 nm, less than about 1800 nm, less than about 1700 nm, less than about 1600 nm, less than about 1500 nm, less than about 1400 nm, less than about 1300 nm, less than about 1200 nm, less than about 1100 nm, less than about 1000 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 150 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 75 nm, and less than about 50 nm;

(b) the particles of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof redisperse in a biorelevant media such that the particles have an effective average particle size selected from the group consisting of less than about 2 microns, less than about 1900 nm, less than about 1800 nm, less than about 1700 nm, less than about 1600 nm, less than about 1500 nm, less than about 1400 nm, less than about 1300 nm, less than about 1200 nm, less than about 1100 nm, less than about 1000 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 150 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 75 nm, and less than about 50 nm;

or

(c) a combination of (a) and (b).

13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the biorelevant media is selected from the group consisting of water, aqueous electrolyte solutions, aqueous solutions of a salt, aqueous solutions of an acid, aqueous solutions of a base, and combinations thereof.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein:

(a) the T_max of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof, when assayed in the plasma of a mammalian subject following administration, is less than the T_max for a non-nanoparticulate composition of the same acetaminophen, administered at the same dosage;

(b) the C_max of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof, when assayed in the plasma of a mammalian subject following administration, is greater than the C_max for a non-nanoparticulate composition of the same acetaminophen, administered at the same dosage;

(c) the AUC of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof, when assayed in the plasma of a mammalian subject following administration, is greater than the AUC for a non-nanoparticulate composition of the same acetaminophen, administered at the same dosage;

or

(d) any combination thereof.

15. The composition of claim 14, wherein:

(a) the T_max is selected from the group consisting of not greater than about 90%, not greater than about 80%, not greater than about 70%, not greater than about 60%, not greater than about 50%, not greater than about 30%, not greater than about 25%, not greater than about 20%, not greater than about 15%, not greater than about 10%, and not greater than about 5% of the T_max exhibited by a non-nanoparticulate composition of the same acetaminophen, administered at the same dosage;

(b) the C_max is selected from the group consisting of at least about 50%, at least about 100%, at least about 200%, at least about 300%, at least about 400%, at least about 500%, at least about 600%, at least about 700%, at least about 800%, at least about 900%, at least about 1000%, at least about 1100%, at least about 1200%, at least about 1300%, at least about 1400%, at least about 1500%, at least about 1600%, at least about 1700%, at least about 1800%, Attorney Docket No. 029318-1232 or at least about 1900% greater than the C_max exhibited by a non-nanoparticulate composition of the same acetaminophen, administered at the same dosage;

(c) the AUC is selected from the group consisting of at least about 25%, at least about 50%, at least about 75%, at least about 100%, at least about 125%, at least about 150%, at least about 175%, at least about 200%, at least about 225%, at least about 250%, at least about 275%, at least about 300%, at least about 350%, at least about 400%, at least about 450%, at least about 500%, at least about 550%, at least about 600%, at least about 750%, at least about 700%, at least about 750%, at least about 800%, at least about 850%, at least about 900%, at least about 950%, at least about 1000%, at least about 1050%, at least about 1100%, at least about 1150%, or at least about 1200% greater than the AUC exhibited by the non-nanoparticulate formulation of the same acetaminophen, administered at the same dosage;

or

(d) any combination thereof.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition does not produce significantly different absorption levels when administered under fed as compared to fasting conditions.

17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the difference in absorption of the acetaminophen, when administered in the fed versus the fasted state, is selected from the group consisting of less than about 100%, less than about 90%, less than about 80%, less than about 70%, less than about 60%, less than about 50%, less than about 40%, less than about 30%, less than about 25%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, and less than about 3%.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the pharmacokinetic profile of the composition is not significantly affected by the fed or fasted state of a subject ingesting the composition.

19. The composition of claim 1, wherein administration of the composition to a human in a fasted state is bioequivalent to administration of the composition to a subject in a fed state.

20. The composition of claim 19, wherein “

bioequivalency”

is established by;

(a) a 90% Confidence Interval of between 0.80 and 1.25 for both C_max and AUC;

or

(b) a 90% Confidence Interval of between 0.80 and 1.25 for AUC and a 90% Confidence Interval of between 0.70 to 1.43 for C_max,

21. A method of preparing a composition comprising nanoparticulate acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof, comprising contacting particles of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof with at least one surface stabilizer for a time and under conditions sufficient to provide an acetaminophen composition having an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the contacting comprises grinding, wet grinding, homogenization, template emulsion, precipitation, freezing, or a combination thereof.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the effective average particle size of the acetaminophen particles is selected from the group consisting of less than about 1900 nm, less than about 1800 nm, less than about 1700 nm, less than about 1600 nm, less than about 1500 nm, less than about 1000 nm, less than about 1400 nm, less than about 1300 nm, less than about 1200 nm, less than about 1100 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 75 nm, and less than about 50 nm.

24. A method for treating of aches and pain, and reducing fever or a related disease comprising administering an acetaminophen composition comprising:

(a) particles of acetaminophen or a salt or derivative thereof having an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm; and

(b) at least one surface stabilizer.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the effective average particle size of the acetaminophen particles is selected from the group consisting of less than about 1900 nm, less than about 1800 nm, less than about 1700 nm, less than about 1600 nm, less than about 1500 nm, less than about 1000 nm, less than about 1400 nm, less than about 1300 nm, less than about 1200 nm, less than about 1100 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 75 nm, and less than about 50 nm.

26. The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of administering one or more active agents selected from the group consisting of an narcotic analgesic selected from the group consisting of morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and combinations thereof.