Lamellate CMC structure with interlock to metallic support structure

• US 20070020105A1
• Filed: 06/29/2005
• Published: 01/25/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Siemens Energy Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation
• Inventors: Shteyman, Yevgeniy, Morrison, Jay, Thompson, Daniel, Albrecht, Harry
• Granted Patent: US 7,247,002 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 416/224
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 5/147 Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades F01D5/148, F01D5/16 and F01D5/20 take precedence; blade shape F01D5/141; blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities F01D5/18; heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades F01D5/18
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 29/388 characterised by construction
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2230/23 by permanently joining parts together
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2300/601 Fabrics
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2300/603 Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2300/614 Fibres or filaments

Abstract

A component (10) for a gas turbine engine formed of a stacked plurality of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) lamellae (12) supported by a metal support structure (20). Individual lamellae are supported directly by the support structure via cooperating interlock features (30, 32) formed on the lamella and on the support structure respectively. Mating load-transferring surfaces (34, 36) of the interlock features are disposed in a plane (44) oblique to local axes of thermal growth (38, 40) in order to accommodate differential thermal expansion there between with delta alpha zero expansion (DAZE). Reinforcing fibers (62) within the CMC material may be oriented in a direction optimized to resist forces being transferred through the interlock features. Individual lamellae may all have the same structure or different interlock feature shapes and/or locations may be used in different groups of the lamellae. Applications for this invention include an airfoil assembly (10) and a ring segment assembly (82).

Claims

1. A component for a gas turbine engine comprising:

a lamellate stack, each lamella of the stack comprising a first surface exposed to a hot combustion gas flow and a second surface comprising an interlock feature; and

a support structure comprising at least one interlock feature cooperating with each respective lamella interlock feature to transmit forces between respective opposed mating surfaces to support the lamellae while accommodating differential thermal expansion between the support structure and the lamellate stack.

2. The component of claim 1, wherein each lamella comprises a flat plate of ceramic matrix composite material comprising fibers disposed in an in-plane direction of the lamella, at least a portion of the fibers being disposed in a direction that places the portion of fibers in tension when carrying loads resulting from a pressure force applied against the second surface.

3. The component of claim 1, further comprising:

a first lamella interlock feature cooperating with a first support structure interlock feature along respective first mating surfaces disposed at a first angle θ

relative to an axis of thermal growth; and

a second lamella interlock feature cooperating with a second support structure interlock feature along respective second mating surfaces disposed at a second angle β

different than the first angle θ

relative to the axis of thermal growth.

4. The component of claim 3, further comprising:

a center of the first mating surfaces disposed at a distance W from a point of zero relative thermal growth along the axis of thermal growth;

a center of the second mating surfaces disposed at a distance L from a point of zero relative thermal growth along the axis of thermal growth; and

$\frac{\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\beta <br><br>}}{\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}=\frac{L}{W}.$

5. A gas turbine engine comprising the component of claim 1.

6. An airfoil assembly comprising:

a stacked plurality of lamellae, each lamella comprising an outer surface collectively defining an airfoil shape, and each lamella comprising an inner surface collectively defining a core;

a support structure disposed in the core and comprising at least one interlock feature;

each lamella comprising an interlock feature cooperatively interfaced with a respective support structure interlock feature, the cooperating interlock features effective to transmit forces there between to support the lamellae relative to the support structure while accommodating differential thermal expansion there between.

7. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, further comprising an interlock feature formed on a pressure side of the support structure cooperatively interfaced with an interlock feature formed on a pressure side of each lamella.

8. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, further comprising an interlock feature formed on a suction side of the support structure cooperatively interfaced with an interlock feature formed on a suction side of each lamella.

9. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, further comprising:

an interlock feature formed on a pressure side of the support structure cooperatively interfaced with an interlock feature formed on a pressure side of each lamella; and

an interlock feature formed on a suction side of the support structure cooperatively interfaced with an interlock feature formed on a suction side of each lamella.

10. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, further comprising:

a first number of the lamellae each comprising an interlock feature formed at a first location cooperatively interfaced with a first support structure interlock feature; and

a second number of the lamellae each comprising an interlock feature formed at a second location different than the first location cooperatively interfaced with a second support structure interlock feature.

11. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, further comprising:

an interlock feature formed on a pressure side of the support structure cooperatively interfaced with an interlock feature formed on a pressure side of a first number of the lamella; and

an interlock feature formed on a suction side of the support structure cooperatively interfaced with an interlock feature formed on a suction side of a second number of the lamella.

12. The airfoil assembly of claim 11, wherein ones of the first number of the lamella are interspersed between ones of the second number of the lamella.

13. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, wherein adjacent lamellae are bonded together.

14. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, wherein each lamella comprises a plurality of interlock features disposed along the inner surface and cooperatively interfaced with respective ones of a plurality of support structure interlock features.

15. The airfoil assembly of claim 14, wherein a ratio (D/t) of a distance (D) between adjacent interlock features to a thickness (t) of unsupported material between the interlock features is less than 1.4.

16. The airfoil assembly of claim 14, wherein a ratio (D/t) of a distance (D) between adjacent interlock features to a thickness (t) of unsupported material between the interlock features is in a range of 0.4 to 1.4.

17. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, further comprising the interlock feature of each of a first group of the plurality of lamellae being geometrically different than the interlock feature of each of a second group of the plurality of lamella.

18. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, wherein the cooperating interlock features comprise respective mating surfaces disposed along an axis of contact oblique to a local axis of thermal growth.

19. The airfoil assembly of claim 18, wherein the axis of contact is disposed at an angle with respect to the axis of thermal growth that is selected to achieve delta alpha zero expansion.

20. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, wherein the cooperating interlock features comprise a first pair of respective mating surfaces disposed along a first axis of contact oblique to a local axis of thermal growth and a second pair of respective mating surfaces disposed along a second axis of contact oblique to the first axis of contact.

21. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, wherein the cooperating interlock features comprise a first pair of respective mating surfaces disposed along a first axis of contact oblique to a local axis of thermal growth and a second pair of respective mating surfaces disposed along a second axis of contact parallel to the first axis of contact.

22. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, wherein the respective interlock features of a first group of the lamellae are displaced in a chord-wise direction relative to the interlock features of a second group of the lamellae.

23. The airfoil assembly of claim 6, wherein each lamella comprises a flat plate of ceramic matrix composite material comprising fibers disposed in an in-plane direction of the lamella, at least a portion of the fibers being disposed in a direction that places the portion of fibers in tension when carrying loads resulting from a pressure force applied against the inner surface.

24. A gas turbine engine comprising the airfoil assembly of claim 6.

25. A ring segment assembly for a gas turbine engine comprising:

a first carrier portion comprising an interlock feature;

a second carrier portion removably attached to the first carrier portion and comprising an interlock feature;

a stacked plurality of lamellae each comprising a wear surface and an opposed surface defining an interlock feature cooperatively interfaced with the interlock feature of at least one of the first carrier portion and the second carrier portion, the cooperating interlock features effective to support the stacked lamellae relative to the attached carrier portions while accommodating differential thermal growth there between.

26. The ring segment assembly of claim 25, further comprising mating load-transferring surfaces of the cooperating interlock features being disposed in a plane oblique to a local axis of thermal growth.

27. The ring segment assembly of claim 25, further comprising:

a plurality of interface features formed on each lamella cooperatively interfaced with a respective plurality of interface features formed on the respective one of the first and second carrier portions; and

mating load transferring surfaces of the respective cooperating interlock features being disposed in a respective plane that is oblique to a local axis of growth by an angle that varies as a function of a distance of a center of the respective mating load transferring surfaces from a point of zero relative thermal growth along the axis of thermal growth.

28. The ring segment assembly of claim 27, further comprising:

a first pair of mating load transferring surfaces disposed at a distance W from the point of zero relative thermal growth being disposed at an angle Θ

relative to the local axis of thermal growth;

a second pair of mating load transferring surfaces disposed at a distance L from the point of zero relative thermal growth being disposed at an angle β

relative to the local axis of thermal growth; and

$\frac{\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\beta <br><br>}}{\tan <br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{\theta <br><br>}}=\frac{L}{W}.$

29. A gas turbine engine comprising the ring segment assembly of claim 25.