Sensor system for identifiying and tracking movements of multiple sources

• US 20070023662A1
• Filed: 03/29/2006
• Published: 02/01/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 03/29/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Duke University
• Original Assignee: Duke University
• Inventors: Brady, David, Shankar, Mohan, Feller, Steve, Fang, Jian-Shuen, Hao, Qi, Guenther, Bobby
• Granted Patent: US 7,351,975 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 250/338.300
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0022 for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0025 Living bodies ear thermometers G01J5/0011; detecting, measuring or recording for diagnostic purposes A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/02 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/025 Interfacing a pyrometer to an external device or network; User interface
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/026 Control of working procedures of a pyrometer, other than calibration; Bandwidth calculation; Gain control
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/08 Optical arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0806 Focusing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or concave mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0846 having multiple detectors for performing different types of detection, e.g. using radiometry and reflectometry channels
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/60 using determination of colour temperature
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/10 Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/20 Movements or behaviour, e.g. gesture recognition recognition of facial expressions G06V40/16
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/191 using pyroelectric sensor means
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/193 using focusing means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 250/01 Passive intrusion detectors

Abstract

One embodiment of the present invention is a system for identifying a human being from movement of the human being. The system includes a dual element pyroelectric detector, a Fresnel lens array, and a processor. The dual element pyroelectric detector detects radiation from the human being as the human being moves over time. The Fresnel lens array is located between the dual element pyroelectric detector and the human being. The Fresnel lens array improves collection efficiency and spatial resolution of the dual element pyroelectric detector. The Fresnel lens array includes a mask. The mask provides at least one zone of visibility. The processor is coupled to the dual element pyroelectric detector, the processor converts the detected radiation to a spectral radiation signature. The processor compares the spectral radiation signature to at least a second spectral radiation signature to identify the human being.

Claims

1. A system for identifying an object from movement of the object, comprising:

a sensor for detecting radiation from the object as the object moves over time; and

a processor coupled to the sensor, for converting the detected radiation to a spectral radiation signature, and for comparing the spectral radiation signature to at least a second spectral radiation signature to identify the object.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises an infrared detector.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the infrared detector comprises a pyroelectric detector.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the pyroelectric detector comprises more than one detector element.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the object is one of an animal, a vehicle, and a human being.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises a coded aperture.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises a lens.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises a Fresnel lens array.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein the Fresnel lens array comprises a mask, wherein the mask comprises at least one zone of visibility.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein a second sensor is used to determine a location of the object.

11. A system for identifying an object from movement of the object, comprising:

a sensor for detecting radiation from the object as the object moves along a first path over time; and

a processor coupled to the sensor;

wherein the processor covertns the detected radiation to a spectral radiation signature; and

wherein the processor is adapted;

to obtain temporal radiation data from a second object moving along a second path using the sensor;

to convert the temporal radiation data from the second object to a second spectral radiation signature;

to apply principal components analysis to the second spectral radiation signature to produce underlying factors and scores for the second spectral radiation signature;

to apply a multiple linear regression to the underlying factors and scores to produce a regression vector and a mean and covariance of clustered data for the second spectral radiation signature;

to obtain an inner product of the regression vector and the spectral radiation signature; and

to compare the inner product to the mean and covariance of clustered data to determine if an identity of the object matches the second object.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein the sensor comprises an infrared detector.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the infrared detector comprises a pyroelectric detector.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein the pyroelectric detector comprises more than one detector element.

15. The system of claim 11 wherein the object is one of an animal, a vehicle, and a human being.

16. The system of claim 11 wherein the sensor comprises a coded aperture.

17. The system of claim 11 wherein the sensor comprises a lens.

18. The system of claim 11 wherein the sensor comprises a Fresnel lens array.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the Fresnel lens array comprises a mask, wherein the mask comprises at least one zone of visibility.

20. The system of claim 11 wherein a second sensor is used to determine a location of the object.

21. A method for identifying an object from movement of the object, comprising:

obtaining first temporal radiation data from a first object moving along a first path;

converting the first temporal radiation data from the first object to a first spectral radiation signature;

applying principal components analysis to the first spectral radiation signature to produce underlying factors and scores for the first spectral radiation signature;

applying a multiple linear regression to the underlying factors and scores to produce a regression vector and a mean and covariance of clustered data for the first spectral radiation signature;

obtaining second temporal radiation data from a second object moving along a second path;

converting the second temporal radiation data from the second object to a second spectral radiation signature;

obtaining an inner product of the regression vector and the second spectral radiation signature; and

comparing the inner product to the mean and covariance of clustered data to determine if an identity of the first object matches the second object.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the first object is one of an animal, a vehicle, and a human being.

23. The method of claim 21 wherein the second object is one of an animal, a vehicle, and a human being.

24. The method of claim 21 wherein obtaining first temporal radiation data and obtaining first temporal radiation data comprise using a sensor to detect radiation from the first object over time and using the sensor to detect radiation from the second object over time.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the sensor comprises an infrared detector.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the infrared detector comprises a pyroelectric detector.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the pyroelectric detector comprises more than one detector element.

28. The method of claim 24 wherein the sensor comprises a coded aperture.

29. The method of claim 24 wherein the sensor comprises a lens.

30. The method of claim 24 wherein the sensor comprises a Fresnel lens array.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the Fresnel lens array comprises a mask, wherein the mask comprises at least one zone of visibility.

32. A system for identifying a human being from movement of the human being, comprising:

a dual element pyroelectric detector, wherein the dual element pyroelectric detector detects radiation from the human being as the human being moves over time;

a Fresnel lens array, wherein the Fresnel lens array is located between the dual element pyroelectric detector and the human being, wherein the Fresnel lens array comprises a mask, and wherein the mask comprises at least one zone of visibility; and

a processor, wherein the processor is coupled to the dual element pyroelectric detector, the processor converts the detected radiation to a spectral radiation signature, and the processor compares the spectral radiation signature to at least a second spectral radiation signature to identify the human being.

33. A system for identifying a human being from movement of the human being, comprising:

a dual element pyroelectric detector, wherein the dual element pyroelectric detector detects radiation from the human being as the human being moves along a first path over time;

a Fresnel lens array, wherein the Fresnel lens array is located between the dual element pyroelectric detector and the human being, wherein the Fresnel lens array comprises a mask, and wherein the mask comprises at least one zone of visibility; and

a processor;

wherein the processor is coupled to the dual element pyroelectric detector;

wherein the processor converts the detected radiation to a spectral radiation signature; and

wherein the processor is adapted;

to obtain temporal radiation data from a second human being moving along a second path using the sensor;

to convert the temporal radiation data from the second human being to a second spectral radiation signature;

to apply principal components analysis to the second spectral radiation signature to produce underlying factors and scores for the second spectral radiation signature;

to apply a multiple linear regression to the underlying factors and scores to produce a regression vector and a mean and covariance of clustered data for the second spectral radiation signature;

to obtain an inner product of the regression vector and the spectral radiation signature; and

to compare the inner product to the mean and covariance of clustered data to determine if an identity of the human being matches the second human being.