Hyperspectral/multispectral imaging in determination, assessment and monitoring of systemic physiology and shock

• US 20070024946A1
• Filed: 12/28/2005
• Published: 02/01/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 12/28/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hypermed Imaging Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Hypermed Imaging Incorporated
• Inventors: Freeman, Jenny, Tracey, Brian, Panasyuk, Svetlana, Hopmeier, Michael, Panasyuk, Alexander
• Granted Patent: US 9,078,619 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 359/253
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0088 for oral or dental tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02 Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0261 using optical means, e.g. infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/029 Measuring or recording blood output from the heart, e.g. minute volume A61B8/065 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/412 Detecting or monitoring sepsis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/416 the spleen
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/445 Evaluating skin irritation or skin trauma, e.g. rash, eczema, wound, bed sore
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7264 Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems neural networks per se G06N3/00; expert systems per se G06N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2005/0077 Imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0224 using polarising or depolarising elements
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/10 Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/2823 Imaging spectrometer
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/32 Investigating bands of a spectrum in sequence by a single detector
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/3144 for oxymetry
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/3155 Measuring in two spectral ranges, e.g. UV and visible
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/31 Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry G01N21/72 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0221 Portable; cableless; compact; hand-held
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0627 Use of several LED's for spectral resolution

Abstract

The present invention provides a hyperspectral imaging system which demonstrates changes in tissue oxygen delivery, extraction and saturation during shock and resuscitation including an imaging apparatus for performing real-time or near real-time assessment and monitoring of shock, including hemorrhagic, hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic or burn shock. The information provided by the hyperspectral measurement can deliver physiologic measurements that support early detection of shock and also provide information about likely outcomes.

Claims

1. An apparatus for acquisition of shock data used in hyperspectral or multispectral imaging comprising of at least one of:

a detector;

a filter or wavelength selector without a filter;

a power supply; and

image acquisition hardware.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the detector is a digital camera having a charge-couple device element and a lens.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the filter is a visible-wavelength, liquid-crystal tunable filter.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the filter is a NIR-wavelength, liquid-crystal tunable filter.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the filter has the capacity to filter both visible and NIR light.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a dual system is used with two filters and the filters are visible and NIR-wavelength, liquid-crystal tunable filters.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a dual system is used with a visible-wavelength, liquid-crystal tunable filter and a narrow band IR illumination source.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a dual system is used with a visible-wavelength, liquid-crystal tunable filter and one or more infrared filters.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the detector is a digital camera having a CMOS element and a lens.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the filter is an acousto-optical tunable filter.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the filter is a switchable filter array.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one or more selected wavelengths of light are delivered from one or more light sources into the filter.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the selected wavelengths of light are NIR wavelengths.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the selected wavelengths of light are visible wavelengths.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the selected wavelengths of light are visible and NIR wavelengths.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the filter is fitted to the front of the camera lens.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the power supply powers an illuminator that supplies coaxial or near-coaxial illumination.

18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a software program is used to control the image acquisition hardware.

19. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the apparatus is portable.

20. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the acquisition of data is performed in real-time or near real-time.

21. A method for acquiring hyperspectral/multispectral data from a patient comprising:

illuminating a region of interest on tissue of the patient;

collecting data images of the region of interest with a lens and a detector;

performing standard data analysis and standard classification methods; and

determining the state of systemic physiology.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is shock or related to shock.

23. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is related to cardiac decompensation.

24. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is related to respiratory insufficiency.

25. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is hypovolemia.

26. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is related to the progression of diabetes.

27. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is related to congestive heart failure.

28. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is infection or sepsis.

29. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is dehydration.

30. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is hemorrhage.

31. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is hypotension.

32. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is hypertension.

33. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is exposure to chemical or biological agents.

34. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is an inflammatory response.

35. The method of claim 21 wherein the state of systemic physiology determined is related to the administration of a systemically, regionally or locally applied pharmaceutical or other therapy.

36. The method of claim 21 wherein standard data analysis includes converting the data images to optical density units.

37. The method of claim 21 wherein standard classification methods includes calculating a deoxyhemoglobin coefficient measurements for each spectrum in the hypercube.

38. The method of claim 21 wherein standard classification methods includes calculating a oxyhemoglobin coefficient measurements for each spectrum in the hypercube.

39. The method of claim 21 wherein standard classification methods includes calculating oxygen saturation percentage for each spectrum in the hypercube.

40. The method of claim 21 wherein standard classification methods includes discriminant analysis of the data or principal components.

41. The method of claim 21 wherein the tissue is skin from the forearm, forehead, cheek, oral mucosa, or rectal mucosa.

42. A method for acquiring hyperspectral data from a patient comprising:

illuminating a region of interest on tissue of the patient;

collecting data images of the region of interest with a lens and a detector;

converting the data images to optical density units using an algorithm;

creating a hypercube of the data images;

calculating oxygen saturation percentage for each spectrum in the hypercube; and

determining a state of shock.

43. A method for acquiring hyperspectral data from a patient comprising:

illuminating a region of interest on skin of the patient;

collecting data images of the region of interest with a camera;

converting the data images to optical density units using an algorithm;

creating a hypercube of the data images;

calculating oxygen saturation percentage for each spectrum in the hypercube;

monitoring a change in oxygen saturation percentage for each spectrum in the hypercube over time; and

determining a state of shock.

44. A method for acquiring hyperspectral data from a patient comprising:

illuminating a region of interest on tissue of the patient;

collecting data images of the region of interest with a lens and a detector;

converting the data images to optical density units using an algorithm;

creating a hypercube of the data images;

calculating oxy and deoxy hemoglobin coefficients for each spectrum in the hypercube;

and determining a state of shock.

45. A method for acquiring hyperspectral data from a patient comprising:

illuminating a region of interest on skin of the patient;

collecting data images of the region of interest with a camera;

converting the data images to optical density units using an algorithm;

creating a hypercube of the data images;

calculating oxygen saturation percentage for each spectrum in the hypercube;

monitoring a change in oxy and deoxy hemoglobin coefficients for each spectrum in the hypercube over time; and

determining a state of shock.

46. An apparatus for acquisition of shock data used in hyperspectral imaging comprising of at least one of:

a detector;

a power supply;

one or more sets of LED lights; and

image acquisition hardware.

47. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the LED lights are narrowband LEDs between 2 and 100 nm.

48. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein there are one or two detectors providing visible and NIR light sensing.

49. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the lens is tuned for visible and NIR wavelengths.

50. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein narrowband refers to bandwidths below 50 nm.

51. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the apparatus further comprises a light controller and a computer running system control.

52. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the image acquisition hardware comprises data acquisition and preprocessing software.

53. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the one or more sets of LED lights each has its own central emission wavelength and its own emission bandwidth.

54. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the one or more sets of LED lights each comprises LEDs distributed in a circular pattern around the lens, allowing for uniform or near-uniform illumination across the ROI.

55. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein the one or more sets of LED lights are powered on and off by an illuminator controller.

56. A method for detecting physiologic state or shock comprising:

defining a region of interest on tissue of a patient;

illuminating the region of interest at different wavelength ranges for periods of time at set intervals;

collecting a series of images with a hyperspectral imaging apparatus during illumination and periods of time without illumination;

repeating the illuminating and collecting steps at a frequency sufficient to detect data changes in metabolic status; and

processing the data changes to create a hypercube.

57. The method of claim 56 wherein the tissue is skin from the forearm, forehead, cheek, oral mucosa, rectal mucosa or serosa.

58. The method for detecting physiologic state or shock of claim 56 wherein the wavelength region is about 500-1100 nm.

59. The method for detecting physiologic state or shock of claim 56 wherein the wavelength region is about 500-600 nm.

60. The method for detecting physiologic state or shock of claim 56 wherein the wavelength region is about 950-1100 nm.

61. The method for detecting physiologic state or shock of claim 56, wherein the series of images are collected by a CCD or CMOS camera.

62. The method for detecting shock or physiologic state of claim 56 wherein processing the data includes calculating an oxygen saturation value for each pixel in the image.

63. The method for detecting shock or physiologic state of claim 56 wherein processing the data includes taking a combination of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin spectral components.

64. The method for detecting shock or physiologic state of claim 56 wherein processing the data includes taking a ratio between a wavelength in the red region in the range 615-710 nm and a wavelength in the yellow region in the range of about 550-580 nm or in the orange region in the range of about 580-615 nm.

65. The method for detecting physiologic state or shock of claim 56 wherein processing the data includes removing an ambient light contribution and evaluating a reflected intensity per unit time wherein an image recorded without illumination is subtracted from an image recorded with illumination for each wavelength set.

66. The method for detecting physiologic state or shock of claim 56 wherein processing the data includes calculating an optical absorption value as a decimal logarithm of a ratio of a derived normalized HSI image intensity to a reference normalized intensity recorded.

67. The method for detecting physiologic state or shock of claim 56 wherein processing the data included performing image registration at each period of time set.

68. The method for detecting physiologic state or shock of claim 56 wherein processing the data included performing image registration between two separate detectors for values in the NIR and visible wavelengths.