Stable electrolyte counteranions for electrochemical devices

• US 20070048605A1
• Filed: 08/15/2006
• Published: 03/01/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 08/23/2005
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Ivanov, Sergei, Dantsin, Gennady, Pez, Guido, Casteel, William, Lehmann, John
• Application Number:
  US11/504,039
• Publication Number:
  US 20070048605A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/199
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/122 Ionic conductors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0567 characterised by the additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0017 Non-aqueous electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/166 by the solute
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to electrolyte salts for electrochemical devices of improved physical, chemical and electrochemical stability.

• • The improvement resides in the use of anions of salts of the formula comprising: i) (B₁₂F_xZ_12-x)²⁻ wherein Z comprises at least one of H, Cl, Br or OR; R comprises at least one of H, alkyl or fluoroalkyl, or at least one polymer and x is at least 3 on an average basis but not more than 12;
  • ii) ((R′R″R′″)NB₁₂F_xZ_(11-x))⁻, wherein N is bonded to B and each of R′, R″, R′″ comprise a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and a polymer; Z comprises H, Cl, Br, or OR, where R comprises H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl or a polymer, and x is an integer from 0 to 11; or
  • iii) (R″″CB₁₁F_xZ_(11-x))⁻, wherein R″″ is bonded to C and comprises a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and a polymer, Z comprises H, Cl, Br, or OR, wherein R comprises H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl or a polymer, and x is an integer from 0 to 11.

Claims

1. An electrochemical device comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte comprising at least one solvent and at least one anion of a salt comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of:

i) (B₁₂F_xZ_12-x)² wherein Z comprises at least one of H, Cl, Br or OR;

R comprises at least one of H, alkyl or fluoroalkyl, or at least one polymer and x is at least 3 on an average basis but not more than 12;

ii) ((R′

R″

R′

″

)NB₁₂F_xZ_(11-x))⁻

, wherein N is bonded to B and each of R′

, R″

, R′

″

comprise a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and a polymer;

Z comprises H, Cl, Br, or OR, where R comprises H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl or a polymer, and x is an integer from 0 to 11; and

iii) (R″

″

CB₁₁F_xZ_(11-x))⁻

, wherein R″

″

is bonded to C and comprises a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and a polymer, Z comprises H, Cl, Br, or OR, wherein R comprises H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl or a polymer, and x is an integer from 0 to 11.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the salt has a formula comprising (B₁₂F_xZ_12-x)²⁻

wherein Z comprises at least one of H, Cl, Br or OR;

R comprises at least one of H, alkyl or fluoroalkyl, and x is at least 3 on an average basis but not more than 12.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the salt has a formula comprising ((R′

R″

R′

″

)NB₁₂F_xZ_(11-x))⁻

, wherein N is bonded to B and each of R′

, R″

, R′

″

comprise a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and a polymer;

Z comprises H, Cl, Br, or OR, where R comprises H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl or a polymer, and x is an integer from 0 to 11.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the salt has a formula comprising (R″

″

CB₁₁F_xZ_(11-x))⁻

, wherein R″

″

is bonded to C and comprises a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalyl, aryl, and a polymer, Z comprises H, Cl, Br, or OR, wherein R comprises H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl or a polymer, and x is an integer from 0 to 11.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a fuel cell with a hydrogen anode, an oxygen cathode, and a water or steam electrolyzer or a hydrogen sensor.

6. The device of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a battery.

7. The device of claim 1 wherein the device comprises a capacitor.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein the the device comprises a Faradaic process supercapacitor.

9. The device of claim 7 wherein the salt comprises [N(CH₃)₄]₂[B₁₂F₁₁H].

10. The device of claim 7 wherein the salt comprises [N(C₂H₅)₃CH₃]₂[B₁₂F_11.3H_0.7].

11. A composition comprising salts and acids of [B₁₂F₁₁OCH₃]²⁻

.

12. A composition comprising salts and acids of [B₁₂F₁₁(OCH₂CF₃)]⁻

2.

13. A composition comprising salts and acids of B₁₂H_12-x(OCH₂CF₃)_x²⁻

wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 12.

14. A composition comprising salts and acids of [B₁₂F₁₁OCF₃]²⁻

.