Electrode With Transparent Series Resistance For Uniform Switching Of Optical Modulation Devices
First Claim
1. An electrode for improving the switching uniformity of an optical modulation device, comprising:
- a layer of a transparent conductive material deposited on a transparent substrate;
a layer of a transparent resistive material deposited on the layer of the transparent conductive material;
and a first surface modification layer deposited on the layer of the transparent resistive material.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Switching uniformity of an optical modulation device for controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation is improved by use of an electrode comprising an electrically resistive layer that is transparent to the radiation. The resistive layer is preferably an innerlayer of a wide-bandgap oxide sandwiched between layers of indium tin oxide or another transparent conductor, and may be of uniform thickness, or may be graded so as to provide further improvement in the switching uniformity. The electrode may be used with electrochromic and reversible electrochemical mirror (REM) smart window devices, as well as display devices based on various technologies.
45 Citations
32 Claims
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1. An electrode for improving the switching uniformity of an optical modulation device, comprising:
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a layer of a transparent conductive material deposited on a transparent substrate;
a layer of a transparent resistive material deposited on the layer of the transparent conductive material;
and a first surface modification layer deposited on the layer of the transparent resistive material. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A reversible electrochemical mirror optical modulation device with improved switching uniformity, comprising:
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a counter electrode comprising a dot matrix of spheroids of a first noble metal deposited on a surface modification layer of a first transparent conductive material, which is deposited on a resistive layer of a transparent resistive material, which is deposited on a conductive layer of a second transparent conductive material, which is deposited on a first transparent substrate;
a mirror electrode comprising a nucleation layer of a second noble metal deposited on a layer of a third transparent conductive material, which is deposited on a second transparent substrate;
an electrolyte comprising ions of an electrodepositable metal; and
a charge of the electrodepositable metal subsisting on at least one of said electrodes, whereby the electrodepositable metal is reversibly electrodeposited on said mirror electrode and on said counter electrode so as to affect propagation of electromagnetic radiation. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A reversible electrochemical mirror optical modulation device with improved switching uniformity, comprising:
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a mirror electrode comprising a nucleation layer of a first noble metal deposited on a surface modification layer of a first transparent conductive material, which is deposited on a resistive layer of a transparent resistive material, which is deposited on a conductive layer of a second transparent conductive material, which is deposited on a first transparent substrate;
a counter electrode comprising a dot matrix of spheroids of a second noble metal deposited on a layer of a third transparent conductive material;
an electrolyte comprising ions of an electrodepositable metal; and
a charge of the electrodepositable metal subsisting on at least one of said electrodes, whereby the electrodepositable metal is reversibly electrodeposited on said mirror electrode and on said counter electrode so as to affect propagation of electromagnetic radiation. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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Specification