CHANNEL ESTIMATION AND SPATIAL PROCESSING FOR TDD MIMO SYSTEMS

• US 20070086536A1
• Filed: 12/13/2006
• Published: 04/19/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/25/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Wallace, Mark, Howard, Steven, Walton, J., Ketchum, John
• Granted Patent: US 7,653,142 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 375/260
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0413 MIMO systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0421 utilizing implicit feedback, e.g. steered pilot signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0615 of weighted versions of same signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0619 using feedback from receiving side feedback signaling for adaptive modulation/coding H04L1/0001
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0669 using different channel coding between antennas space-time coding H04L1/0618
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0697 using spatial multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0854 using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0001 Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff adaptive data allocation for multicarrier modulation H04L5/0044; controlling transmission power for radio systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0003 by switching between different modulation schemes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0009 by adapting the channel coding H04L1/1812 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0017 where the mode-switching is based on Quality of Service requirement
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0224 using sounding signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0226 sounding signals per se
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0242 using matrix methods
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03343 Arrangements at the transmitter end
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2601 Multicarrier modulation systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/261 Details of reference signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2647 Arrangements specific to the receiver only equalisation H04L27/01
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/28 using beam steering
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/50 at the moment of starting communication in a multiple access environment

Abstract

Channel estimation and spatial processing for a TDD MIMO system. Calibration may be performed to account for differences in the responses of transmit/receive chains at the access point and user terminal. During normal operation, a MIMO pilot is transmitted on a first link and used to derive an estimate of the first link channel response, which is decomposed to obtain a diagonal matrix of singular values and a first unitary matrix containing both left eigenvectors of the first link and right eigenvectors of a second link. A steered reference is transmitted on the second link using the eigenvectors in the first unitary matrix, and is processed to obtain the diagonal matrix and a second unitary matrix containing both left eigenvectors of the second link and right eigenvectors of the first link. Each unitary matrix may be used to perform spatial processing for data transmission/reception via both links.

Claims

1. A method of performing spatial processing in a wireless time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

processing a MIMO pilot received via a first link to obtain a plurality of eigenvectors usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link, wherein the MIMO pilot comprises a plurality of pilot transmissions sent from a plurality of transmit antennas, and wherein the pilot transmission from each transmit antenna is identifiable by a receiver of the MIMO pilot;

performing spatial processing on a first data transmission received via the first link with the plurality of eigenvectors to recover data symbols for the first data transmission; and

performing spatial processing for a second data transmission with the plurality of eigenvectors prior to transmission over the second link.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

performing spatial processing on pilot symbols with at least one of the eigenvectors to generate a steered pilot for transmission on at least one eigenmode of a MIMO channel for the second link.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

performing calibration to obtain correction factors; and

scaling the second data transmission with the correction factors prior to transmission over the second link.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the TDD MIMO communication system utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and wherein the spatial processing is performed for each of a plurality of subbands.

5. An apparatus in a wireless time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

means for processing a MIMO pilot received via a first link to obtain a plurality of eigenvectors usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link, wherein the MIMO pilot comprises a plurality of pilot transmissions sent from a plurality of transmit antennas, and wherein the pilot transmission from each transmit antenna is identifiable by a receiver of the MIMO pilot;

means for performing spatial processing on a first data transmission received via the first link with the plurality of eigenvectors to recover data symbols for the first data transmission; and

means for performing spatial processing for a second data transmission with the plurality of eigenvectors prior to transmission over the second link.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:

means for performing spatial processing on pilot symbols with at least one of the eigenvectors to generate a steered pilot for transmission on at least one eigenmode of a MIMO channel for the second link.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:

means for performing calibration to obtain correction factors; and

means for scaling the second data transmission with the correction factors prior to transmission over the second link.

8. An apparatus in a wireless time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

a controller operative to process a MIMO pilot received via a first link to obtain a plurality of eigenvectors usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link, wherein the MIMO pilot comprises a plurality of pilot transmissions sent from a plurality of transmit antennas, and wherein the pilot transmission from each transmit antenna is identifiable by a receiver of the MIMO pilot;

a receive spatial processing operative to perform spatial processing on a first data transmission received via the first link with the plurality of eigenvectors to recover data symbols for the first data transmission; and

a transmit spatial processor operative to perform spatial processing for a second data transmission with the plurality of eigenvectors prior to transmission over the second link

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the transmit spatial processor is further operative to perform spatial processing on pilot symbols with at least one of the eigenvectors to generate a steered pilot for transmission on at least one eigenmode of a MIMO channel for the second link.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is further operative to perform calibration to obtain correction factors, and wherein the transmit spatial processor is further operative to scale the second data transmission with the correction factors prior to transmission over the second link.

11. A method of performing spatial processing in a wireless time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

processing a steered pilot received via at least one eigenmode of a MIMO channel for a first link to obtain at least one eigenvector usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link;

performing spatial processing on a first data transmission received via the first link with the at least one eigenvector; and

performing spatial processing for a second data transmission with the at least one eigenvector prior to transmission over the second link.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

generating a MIMO pilot for transmission over the second link, wherein the MIMO pilot comprises a plurality of pilot transmissions sent from a plurality of transmit antennas, and wherein the pilot transmission from each transmit antenna is identifiable by a receiver of the MIMO pilot.

13. An apparatus in a wireless time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

means for processing a steered pilot received via at least one eigenmode of a MIMO channel for a first link to obtain at least one eigenvector usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link;

means for performing spatial processing on a first data transmission received via the first link with the at least one eigenvector; and

means for performing spatial processing for a second data transmission with the at least one eigenvector prior to transmission over the second link.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:

means for generating a MIMO pilot for transmission over the second link, wherein the MIMO pilot comprises a plurality of pilot transmissions sent from a plurality of transmit antennas, and wherein the pilot transmission from each transmit antenna is identifiable by a receiver of the MIMO pilot.

15. An apparatus in a wireless time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

a controller operative to process a steered pilot received via at least one eigenmode of a MIMO channel for a first link to obtain at least one eigenvector usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link;

a receive spatial processor operative to perform spatial processing on a first data transmission received via the first link with the at least one eigenvector; and

a transmit spatial processor operative to perform spatial processing for a second data transmission with the at least one eigenvector prior to transmission over the second link.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the transmit spatial processor is further operative to generate a MIMO pilot for transmission over the second link, wherein the MIMO pilot comprises a plurality of pilot transmissions sent from a plurality of transmit antennas, and wherein the pilot transmission from each transmit antenna is identifiable by a receiver of the MIMO pilot.

17. A method of performing spatial processing in a wireless time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, comprising:

processing a first transmission received via a first link to obtain a matrix of eigenvectors for each of a plurality of subbands, wherein a plurality of matrices of eigenvectors are obtained for the plurality of subbands and are usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link; and

performing spatial processing for a second transmission with the plurality of matrices of eigenvectors prior to transmission over the second link.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

ordering the eigenvectors in each matrix based on channel gains associated with the eigenvectors.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second transmission is sent on at least one wideband eigenmode, each wideband eigenmode associated with a set of eigenvectors in the plurality of matrices having same order after the ordering.

20. A method of estimating a wireless channel in a time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

processing a pilot transmission received via a first link to obtain a channel response estimate for the first link; and

decomposing the channel response estimate to obtain a matrix of eigenvectors usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link.

21. A method of estimating a wireless channel in a time division duplexed (TDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

receiving a steered pilot on at least one eigenmode of a MIMO channel for a first link; and

processing the received steered pilot to obtain at least one eigenvector usable for spatial processing for both data transmission received via the first link and data transmission sent via a second link.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the processing includes

demodulating the received steered pilot to remove modulation due to pilot symbols used to generate the steered pilot, and

processing the demodulated steered pilot to obtain the at least one eigenvector.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one eigenvector is obtained based on a minimum mean square error (MMSE) technique.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein a plurality of eigenvectors are obtained and are forced to be orthogonal to one another.

25. A method for performing data processing in a wireless communication system including an access point and a user terminal, the method comprising:

calibrating one or more communication links including a first link and a second link between the access point and the user terminal to form a calibrated first link and a calibrated second link;

obtaining a channel response estimate for the calibrated first link based on one or more pilots transmitted on the calibrated first link; and

decomposing the channel response estimate to obtain one or more eigenvectors usable for spatial processing of the one or more communication links.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein calibrating comprises:

determining one or more sets of correction factors based on estimates of channel responses for the one or more communication links; and

applying the one or more sets of correction factors to the first and second links to form the calibrated first and second links.

27. The method of claim 25 further comprising:

performing spatial processing for data transmissions on the first and second links using the one or more eigenvectors obtained from decomposing the channel response estimate for the calibrated first link.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein performing spatial processing comprises:

transmitting a steered reference on the second link using the one or more eigenvectors.

29. The method of claim 28 further comprising:

performing spatial processing on or more pilot symbols with the one or more eigenvectors to generate the steered reference.

30. An apparatus for performing data processing in a wireless communication system including an access point and a user terminal, the apparatus comprising:

means for calibrating one or more communication links including a first link and a second link between the access point and the user terminal to form a calibrated first link and a calibrated second link;

means for obtaining a channel response estimate for the calibrated first link based on one or more pilots transmitted on the calibrated first link; and

means for decomposing the channel response estimate to obtain one or more eigenvectors usable for spatial processing of the one or more communication links.

31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein calibrating comprises:

means for determining one or more sets of correction factors based on estimates of channel responses for the one or more communication links; and

means for applying the one or more sets of correction factors to the first and second links to form the calibrated first and second links.

32. The apparatus of claim 30 further comprising:

performing spatial processing for data transmissions on the first and second links using the one or more eigenvectors obtained from decomposing the channel response estimate for the calibrated first link.

33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein performing spatial processing comprises:

transmitting a steered reference on the second link using the one or more eigenvectors.

34. The apparatus of claim 33 further comprising:

performing spatial processing on or more pilot symbols with the one or more eigenvectors to generate the steered reference.