Apparatus and method for a noninvasive estimate of the characteristics of a periodic/cyclic bodily sound in a region close to its source

• US 20070106180A1
• Filed: 11/09/2006
• Published: 05/10/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 11/09/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Luca Longhini, Siemens AG
• Original Assignee: Luca Longhini
• Inventors: Peretto, Lorenzo, Longhini, Luca
• Granted Patent: US 8,574,163 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/586
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0204 Acoustic sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6843 Monitoring or controlling sensor contact pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 7/00 Instruments for auscultation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 7/04 Electric stethoscopes microphones, acoustic transducers therefor H04R
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/00 Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves imaging of objects using sonar G01S15/00

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for noninvasively determining a sound pressure of a source that transmits a generally periodic acoustic signal including at least one signal component to a surface of a body are provided. The signal component at the surface of the body is received and an initial phase-inverted signal component is estimated responsive to the received signal component. The phase-inverted signal component, advanced by a predetermined time increment, is transmitted toward the source via the surface. The predetermined time increment corresponds to a distance of the signal component within the body. At least one feature of the transmitted signal component is adjusted until a further received signal approximates a minimum value. The adjusted signal component corresponds to the signal component at the distance. The apparatus determines the phase-inverted signal component that corresponds to the signal component being proximate to the source.

Claims

1. A method for noninvasively determining a sound pressure of a source located inside of a body, the source transmitting a generally periodic acoustic signal including at least one signal component to a surface of the body, the method comprising the steps of:

a) receiving the signal component at the surface of the body;

b) estimating an initial phase-inverted signal component responsive to the signal component received at the surface, the phase-inverted signal component approximating a phase-inverted version of the received signal component;

c) transmitting the phase-inverted signal component advanced by a predetermined time increment toward the source via the surface, the predetermined time increment corresponding to a distance of the signal component within the body;

d) adjusting at least one feature of the transmitted signal component until a further received signal approximates a minimum value;

e) setting the adjusted signal component determined in step d) as the phase-inverted signal component corresponding to the signal component at the distance; and

f) repeating steps c)-e) until the phase-inverted signal component corresponds to the signal component proximate to the source.

2. The method according to claim 1, step a) including the steps of:

a1) receiving the generally periodic acoustic signal at the surface of the body; and

a2) extracting the at least one signal component from the generally periodic acoustic signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one signal component includes a number of signal components, step c) includes the steps of:

transmitting a set of phase-inverted signal components corresponding to the number of signal components, the set of phase-inverted signal components representing one amplitude, and

averaging a number of received signals corresponding to the set of transmitted phase-inverted signal components to form an average received signal,

wherein step d) includes adjusting the amplitude of the set of transmitted signal components until the average received signal approximates the minimum value.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the minimum value is determined by squaring the received signal and integrating the squared received signal.

5. A computer readable carrier including computer program instructions that cause a computer to perform the method according to claim 1.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein step b) includes the steps of:

b1) phase-inverting the received signal component;

b2) transmitting the phase-inverted received signal component toward the source via the surface to correspond to the signal component received at the surface of the body;

b3) adjusting at least one of a delay and an amplitude of the transmitted signal component transmitted in step b2) to minimize the further received signal representing a combination of the transmitted signal component transmitted in step b2) and the signal component at the surface of the body; and

b4) setting the adjusted signal component determined in step b3) as the initial estimated phase-inverted signal component corresponding to the signal component at the surface of the body.

7. The method according to claim 6, the method including repeating step b1) a plurality of times to generate an average phase-inverted signal component, wherein step b2) transmits the average phase-inverted signal component.

8. A system for noninvasively determining a source sound pressure of a source located inside of a body, the source transmitting a generally periodic acoustic signal including at least one signal component to a surface of the body, the system comprising:

means for receiving the signal component at the surface of the body;

means for estimating an initial phase-inverted signal component responsive to the signal component received at the surface, the phase-inverted signal component approximating a phase-inverted version of the received signal component;

means for transmitting the phase-inverted signal component advanced by a predetermined time increment toward the source via the surface, the predetermined time increment corresponding to a distance of the signal component within the body;

means for adjusting at least one feature of the transmitted signal component until a further received signal approximates a minimum value;

means for setting the adjusted signal component as the phase-inverted signal component corresponding to the signal component at the distance,

whereby the system determines the phase-inverted signal component that corresponds to the signal component being proximate to the source.

9. Apparatus for noninvasively determining a source sound pressure of a source located inside of a body, the source transmitting a generally periodic acoustic signal including at least one signal component to a surface of the body, the system comprising:

a first acoustic transducer disposed on the surface for receiving the signal component at the surface of the body;

a second acoustic transducer disposed on the surface of the body; and

a source pressure determination system comprising;

a signal generator configured to generate an estimated phase-inverted signal component responsive to the signal component received at the surface by the first acoustic transducer, the phase-inverted signal component approximating a phase-inverted version of the received signal component, and

a controller for;

a) providing a predetermined time increment to the signal generator for advancing the generated phase-inverted signal component, the predetermined time increment corresponding to a distance of the signal component within the body, the second acoustic transducer transmitting the advanced phase-inverted signal component provided by the signal generator toward the source, and

b) adjusting at least one feature of the estimated phase-inverted signal generated by the signal generator until a further signal received from the first acoustic transducer approximates a minimum value, the controller setting the adjusted signal component as the phase-inverted signal component corresponding to the signal component at the distance,

wherein the source pressure determination system determines the phase-inverted signal component that corresponds to the signal component being proximate to the source.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9, the source pressure determination system further comprising:

a null signal estimator configured to receive the further received signal from the first acoustic transducer, the null signal estimator determining the approximate minimum value from the further received signal and providing the approximate minimum value to the controller; and

a parameter adjuster configured to provide the predetermined time increment and an amplitude parameter to the signal generator responsive to the controller.

11. Apparatus according to claim 9, the source pressure determination system further comprising a component extractor for receiving the generally periodic acoustic signal from the first acoustic transducer and extracting the at least one signal component from the generally periodic acoustic signal,

wherein the signal generator estimates the phase-inverted signal component responsive to the extracted signal component received from the component extractor.

12. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first acoustic transducer and the second acoustic transducer are coaxially located on the surface.

13. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first acoustic transducer is at a location different from the second acoustic transducer, the first acoustic transducer and the second acoustic transducer each being directed toward the source.

14. Apparatus according to claim 9, the apparatus further comprising a force actuator between the surface and the first acoustic transducer, the force actuator configured to detect an applied pressure by the first acoustic transducer on the surface.

15. Apparatus according to claim 9, the apparatus further comprising a force actuator between the surface and the second acoustic transducer, the force actuator configured to detect an applied pressure by the second acoustic transducer on the surface.

16. Apparatus according to claim 9, the apparatus further comprising a display coupled to source pressure determination system for presenting at least one of the further received signal, the received signal component, the estimated phase-inverted signal component, the predetermined time increment and an amplitude parameter for adjusting the amplitude of the transmitted signal.

17. Apparatus according to claim 9, the apparatus further comprising a control interface coupled to source pressure determination system for providing control parameters to the source pressure determination system.