Method and apparatus for the non-invasive sensing of glucose in a human subject
First Claim
1. An apparatus for a non-invasive sensing of biological analytes in a sample comprising:
- a) an optics system comprising at least one radiation source and at least one radiation detector;
b) a measurement system operatively coupled to the optics system;
c) a control/processing system operatively coupled to the measurement system and having an embedded software system;
d) a user interface/peripheral system operatively coupled to the control/processing system for providing user interaction with the control/processing system; and
e) a power supply system operatively coupled to the measurement system, the control/processing system, the user interface/peripheral system or any combination thereof for providing power thereto, wherein the embedded software system of the control/processing system processes signals obtained from the measurement system to determine a concentration of the biological analytes in the sample.
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Abstract
An apparatus for a non-invasive sensing of biological analytes in a sample includes an optics system having at least one radiation source and at least one radiation detector; a measurement system operatively coupled to the optics system; a control/processing system operatively coupled to the measurement system and having an embedded software system; a user interface/peripheral system operatively coupled to the control/processing system for providing user interaction with the control/processing system; and a power supply system operatively coupled to the measurement system, the control/processing system and the user interface system for providing power to each of the systems. The embedded software system of the control/processing system processes signals obtained from the measurement system to determine a concentration of the biological analytes in the sample.
46 Citations
35 Claims
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1. An apparatus for a non-invasive sensing of biological analytes in a sample comprising:
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a) an optics system comprising at least one radiation source and at least one radiation detector;
b) a measurement system operatively coupled to the optics system;
c) a control/processing system operatively coupled to the measurement system and having an embedded software system;
d) a user interface/peripheral system operatively coupled to the control/processing system for providing user interaction with the control/processing system; and
e) a power supply system operatively coupled to the measurement system, the control/processing system, the user interface/peripheral system or any combination thereof for providing power thereto, wherein the embedded software system of the control/processing system processes signals obtained from the measurement system to determine a concentration of the biological analytes in the sample. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 25, 26, 27, 28)
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19. A method for a non-invasive sensing of biological analytes in a sample through spectrophotometric referencing utilizing two beams, each close in space, applicable to measuring interstitial fluid diffuse reflectance and comprising the steps of:
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a) providing an optics system utilizing a first radiation source, a second radiation source, a first radiation detector and a second radiation detector, thereby establishing four optical beam paths close in space through the system;
b) modulating the sources with different time functions;
c) configuring the optics system in a manner in which all optical elements of the optics system transmit and/or reflect the beams;
d) separating a first pair of the beams and a second pair of the beams at one point in the system, focusing the first pair of beams on a user'"'"'s skin and focusing the second pair of beams into a reference sample;
e) demodulating signals produced by the first detector and the second detector and separating signals produced by the detectors from the beams; and
f) computing a spectrophotometric transmittance as a ratio of a first ratio to a second ratio. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A method of spectrophotometric referencing that utilizes pulse differential spectroscopy applicable to capillary blood diffuse reflectance by:
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a) providing an optics system with at least one optical path;
b) sampling one path that changes minutely close in time as the minimum and maximum photon path changes during a heart pulse;
c) computing a spectrophotometric transmittance as a ratio of a maxima to a minima of a diffuse reflectance signal; and
d) determining a concentration of biological analytes in a sample using the spectrophotometric transmittance. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35)
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Specification