Multi-bit ADC with sigma-delta modulation

• US 20070132618A1
• Filed: 11/27/2006
• Published: 06/14/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 02/25/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Covidien LP (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Petersen, Ethan, Shea, William, Chew, Bradford
• Granted Patent: US 7,355,539 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 341/143
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7228 Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; demodulation to recover the physiological signal modulation H03C
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/424 the quantiser being a multiple bit one
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/456 the modulator having a first order loop filter in the feedforward path
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 3/464 Details of the digital/analogue conversion in the feedback path

Abstract

There is provided a pulse oximeter circuit including a feedback circuit configured to receive a digital output signal of a multi-bit sigma-delta modulator and generate a pulse width modulated signal (PWM). The PWM signal is directed to a first switching circuit and a D flip-flop. The first switching circuit provides a first or second reference voltage as a feedback signal to the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator. The D flip-flop generates a sample and hold signal. The sample and hold signal controls a second switching circuit coupled to the input of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator.

Claims

1. A pulse oximeter circuit comprising:

a multi-bit sigma-delta modulator having an input adapted to receive a first analog signal representative of received red light and a second analog signal representative of received infrared light through a single path, the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator being configured to produce a digital output signal; and

a feedback circuit configured to receive the digital output signal of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator and generate a pulse width modulated signal (PWM), the PWM signal being directed to a first switching circuit and a D flip-flop, the first switching circuit providing a first or second reference voltage as a feedback signal to the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator, the D flip-flop generating a sample and hold signal, the sample and hold signal controlling a second switching circuit coupled to the input of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator, the second switching circuit being configured to direct the first and second analog signals to an inverting input of the multi-bit sigma-delta during a sampling period.

2. The pulse oximeter circuit of claim 1 comprising a multiple bit analog-to-digital converter coupled to the output of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator to provide the digital output signal and wherein the feedback circuit includes a digital-to-analog converter having an input coupled to the digital output signal of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator and being configured to generate the PWM signal.

3. The pulse oximeter circuit of claim 1 comprising:

a resistor coupled between the first switching circuit and the input of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator.

4. The pulse oximeter circuit of claim 1 wherein the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator comprises”

an operational amplifier configured as an integrator circuit;

at least first and second capacitors; and

a capacitor switching circuit adapted to connect the first capacitor to the integrator upon receipt of the first analog signal and to connect the second capacitor to the integrator upon receipt of the second analog signal.

5. The pulse oximeter circuit of claim 4 comprising:

a third capacitor and a fourth capacitor, wherein the capacitor switching circuit is adapted to couple the third capacitor to the integrator during a first dark period and to couple the fourth capacitor to the integrator during a second dark period.

6. The pulse oximeter circuit of claim 1 wherein a single signal path through the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator is used for both the first analog signal representative of received red light and the second analog signal representative of received infrared light.

7. An oximetry device comprising:

a multi-bit sigma-delta modulator having an input adapted to receive a first analog signal from a sensor and a second analog signal from a sensor through a single path, the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator being configured to produce a digital output signal representative of the first and second analog signals;

at least first and second capacitors coupled in parallel to the input of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator;

a capacitor switching circuit configured to couple to the first capacitor upon receipt of the first analog signal and to couple to the second capacitor upon receipt of the second analog signal, wherein the first and second capacitors are selected to correspond with a quantization error for the corresponding analog signals; and

a feedback circuit coupled about the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator, the feedback circuit comprising a sample and hold circuit configured to enable the input of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator during receipt of the first or second analog signals and to disable the input during a holding period.

8. The oximetry device of claim 7 wherein the first analog sensor signal is representative of received red light, and the second analog sensor signal is representative of received infrared light.

9. The oximetry device of claim 7 wherein the feedback circuit comprises a digital-to-analog converter configured to produce a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal.

10. The device of claim 9 wherein the feedback circuit comprises a reference voltage switch controlled by the PWM signal.

11. The oximetry device of claim 9 wherein the PWM signal is provided to the sample and hold circuit, the sample and hold circuit being configured to divide the PWM signal by two to produce a sample/hold signal.

12. The oximetry device of claim 7 wherein the sample and hold circuit comprise a D flip-flop and a switching circuit, the switching circuit being configured to alternately couple to an inverting input and a non-inverting input according to a sample/hold signal generated by the D-flip-flop.

13. The oximetry device of claim 7 comprising a signal processor adapted to demodulate the digital output signal produced by the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator into a first digital signal representative of the first analog signal and a second digital signal representative of the second analog signal.

14. The oximetry device of claim 13 comprising a memory coupled with the signal processor, the memory containing a program adapted to demodulate the digital output signal produced by the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator into the first digital signal representative of the first analog signal and the second digital signal representative of the second analog signal.

15. A method for analog-to-digital conversion comprising:

converting a digital output signal of a multi-bit sigma-delta modulator to an analog pulse width modulated (PWM) signal, the PWM signal having one fixed edge occurring at a constant rate and one variable edge;

controlling a feedback circuit using the PWM signal to provide a first or second reference voltage as a feedback signal;

generating a sample/hold signal by dividing the PWM signal, the sample/hold signal controlling an input switch of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator;

combining the feedback signal through a resistor with first and second analog signals to generate a combined signal, the first and second analog signals representing a detected red signal and a detected infrared signal; and

alternately coupling the combined signal to an inverting input or a non-inverting input of an operational amplifier of the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator to provide sampling periods or holding periods, respectively.

16. The method of claim 15 comprising:

coupling a first capacitor about the operational amplifier to sample the first analog signal during a during a first sampling period; and

converting the sampled first analog signal to a digital signal using an analog-to-digital converter to generate a digital output during a first holding period.

17. The method of claim 16 comprising:

switching from the first capacitor to a second capacitor after the first analog signal has been converted to a digital signal;

sampling the second analog signal during a second sampling period; and

converting the sampled second analog signal to a digital signal using an analog-to-digital converter to generate a digital output during a second holding period.

18. The method of claim 17 comprising:

coupling a third capacitor about the operational amplifier during a dark period occurring immediately after the first holding period; and

coupling a fourth capacitor about the operational amplifier during a dark period occurring immediately after the second holding period.

19. The method of claim 15 comprising processing the digital output signal to separate the digital output signal into a first digital signal representing the first analog signal and a second digital representing the second analog signal.

20. The method of claim 19 comprising determining physiological parameters using the first and second digital signals.