Zero-mode metal clad waveguides for performing spectroscopy with confined effective observation volumes
First Claim
1. A method for analysis of an analyte comprising:
- providing a zero-mode waveguide comprising;
a cladding surrounding a core, wherein said cladding is configured to preclude propagation of electromagnetic energy of a frequency less than a cutoff frequency longitudinally through the core of the zero-mode waveguide;
positioning the analyte in the core of the zero-mode waveguide; and
subjecting the analyte in the core of the zero-mode waveguide to activating electromagnetic radiation of a frequency less than the cutoff frequency under conditions effective to permit analysis of the analyte in an effective observation volume which is more compact than if the analysis were carried out in the absence of the zero-mode waveguide.
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Abstract
The present invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for analysis of an analyte. The method involves providing a zero-mode waveguide which includes a cladding surrounding a core where the cladding is configured to preclude propagation of electromagnetic energy of a frequency less than a cutoff frequency longitudinally through the core of the zero-mode waveguide. The analyte is positioned in the core of the zero-mode waveguide and is then subjected, in the core of the zero-mode wave guide, to activating electromagnetic radiation of a frequency less than the cut-off frequency under conditions effective to permit analysis of the analyte in an effective observation volume which is more compact than if the analysis were carried out in the absence of the zero-mode waveguide.
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Citations
33 Claims
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1. A method for analysis of an analyte comprising:
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providing a zero-mode waveguide comprising;
a cladding surrounding a core, wherein said cladding is configured to preclude propagation of electromagnetic energy of a frequency less than a cutoff frequency longitudinally through the core of the zero-mode waveguide;
positioning the analyte in the core of the zero-mode waveguide; and
subjecting the analyte in the core of the zero-mode waveguide to activating electromagnetic radiation of a frequency less than the cutoff frequency under conditions effective to permit analysis of the analyte in an effective observation volume which is more compact than if the analysis were carried out in the absence of the zero-mode waveguide. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. An apparatus for analysis of an analyte comprising:
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a zero-mode waveguide comprising;
a cladding surrounding a core, wherein said cladding is configured to preclude propagation of electromagnetic energy of a frequency less than a cutoff frequency longitudinally through the core of the zero-mode waveguide and a source of electromagnetic radiation positioned relative to the zero-mode waveguide to direct electromagnetic radiation of a frequency less than the cutoff frequency into the core under conditions effective to permit analysis of an analyte in an effective observation volume which is more compact than if the analysis were carried out in the absence of the zero-mode waveguide. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. An apparatus for analysis of an analyte comprising:
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a substrate that is substantially transparent to electromagnetic energy;
a cladding film supported by the glass substrate, the cladding film having a hole sized to preclude propagation of electromagnetic energy of a frequency less than a cutoff frequency longitudinally through the hole; and
a superstructure formed on top of the cladding film having channels to direct analyte into the hole for analysis. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. An apparatus for analysis of an analyte comprising:
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a substrate that is substantially transparent to electromagnetic energy;
a cladding film supported by the glass substrate, the cladding film having a plurality of holes sized to preclude propagation of electromagnetic energy of a frequency less than a cutoff frequency longitudinally through the hole; and
a superstructure formed on top of the cladding film having channels to direct analyte into the holes for analysis.
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Specification