Propagating light to be sensed

• US 20070146888A1
• Filed: 12/22/2005
• Published: 06/28/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Kiesel, Peter, Schmidt, Oliver, Maeda, Patrick
• Granted Patent: US 7,315,667 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 359/589
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2003/1213 Filters in general, e.g. dichroic, band
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0208 using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0218 using optical fibers
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0264 Electrical interface; User interface
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/26 using multiple reflection, e.g. Fabry-Perot interferometer, variable interference filters
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/2803 using photoelectric array detector
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/36 Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/645 Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/14625 Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device

Abstract

Light to be sensed is spreaded across an entry surface of a transmission structure with a laterally varying energy transmission function. For example, the light could be output from a stimulus-wavelength converter, provided through an optical fiber, or it could come from a point-like source or broad area source. Output photons from the transmission structure can be photosensed by photosensing components such as an array, position sensor, or array of position sensors. Wavelength information from the light can be obtained in response to the photosensing component. Spreading can be performed by air, gas, transparent material, or vacuum in a gap, by a region or other part of a lens, or by an optical fiber end surface. If the light comes from more than one source, a propagation component can both spread the light and also keep light from the sources separate.

Claims

1. Apparatus comprising:

a stimulus-wavelength converter that provides output light in response to one or more stimuli;

a transmission structure that has an entry surface at which it receives the output light from the converter and an exit surface;

the entry surface extending in a first direction in which the transmission structure has a laterally varying energy transmission function; and

a spreading component that spreads the output light from the converter across the transmission structure'"'"'s entry surface in at least a spreading direction that is not perpendicular to the first direction.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the converter provides the output light within a range of photon energies;

in response to spreaded output light received at the entry surface with energies in a given subrange of the range of energies, the transmission structure providing output photons at a respective position of the exit surface.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the spreading direction is approximately the same as the first direction.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the stimulus-wavelength converter includes a set of one or more optical fibers that each respond to a respective stimulus and provide output light to the spreading component

5. The apparatus of claim 4 in which at least one of the set of optical fibers provides light output through an end positioned in a butting relationship adjacent the entry surface of the transmission structure;

the spreading component including a surface at the end.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 in which at least one of the set of optical fibers provides light output through an end;

the spreading component being positioned between the end and the entry surface of the transmission structure.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the end and the entry surface are separated by a gap;

the spreading component including at least one of air, gas, a transparent medium, or vacuum in the gap.

8. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the spreading component includes at least part of a lens between the end and the entry surface.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 in which the lens is a Selfoc®

or gradient index lens.

10. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the set of optical fibers includes two or more optical fibers, each having an end through which it provides respective light output;

the system further comprising;

a separation component that keeps light output from the optical fibers separate.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 in which the separation component includes blades or includes at least one lens that collimates, images, or focuses.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 in which the separation component includes a positive anamorphic lens or lens group or includes a focusing lens and a negative anamorphic lens or lens group between the focusing lens and the entry surface of the transmission structure.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 in which the focusing lens is a Selfoc®

or gradient index lens.

14. The apparatus of claim 10 in which the ends of the optical fibers are aligned in a second direction approximately perpendicular to the first direction;

the spreading direction being approximately the same as the first direction.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the stimulus-wavelength converter provides output light from a fiber end facet, from a point-like source, or from a broad area source.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

one or more photosensing components that photosense output photons from the transmission structure'"'"'s exit surface at a set of positions along the first direction.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 in which the photosensing components include at least one of a photosensor array, a position sensor, and a position sensor array.

18. A system that includes the apparatus of claim 16;

the output light from the converter including wavelength information;

the system further comprising;

circuitry that responds to the photosensing components, providing signals indicating the wavelength information.

19. The system of claim 18 in which the circuitry includes a processor.

20. A sensing method comprising:

receiving output light from a stimulus-wavelength converter, the converter providing the output light in response to one or more stimuli;

spreading the output light received from the converter in at least a spreading direction across a transmission structure'"'"'s entry surface;

in response to the light spreaded across the entry surface, providing output photons at an exit surface of the transmission structure in accordance with an energy transmission function that varies laterally in a first direction in which the entry surface extends, the first direction and the spreading direction not being perpendicular to each other.

21. The method of claim 20 in which the output light from the stimulus-wavelength converter is provided through a set of optical fiber ends;

the act of spreading the output light comprising at least one of;

propagating the output light through surfaces at the optical fiber ends;

propagating the output light through at least one of air, gas, a transparent medium, or vacuum; and

propagating the output light through a lens.

22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

with one or more photosensing components, photosensing the output photons from the exit surface at a set of positions along the first direction.

23. The method of claim 22 in which the output light from the converter includes wavelength information, the method further comprising:

in response to photosensing results from the photosensor components, providing signals indicating the wavelength information.

24. Apparatus comprising:

two or more sources that provide light that includes wavelength information;

a transmission structure that has an entry surface at which it receives light and an exit surface, the entry surface extending in a first direction in which the transmission structure has a laterally varying energy transmission function; and

a propagation component that spreads the light from each source across the transmission structure'"'"'s entry surface and keeps the light from the sources separate;

the propagation component spreading the light in at least a spreading direction that is not perpendicular to the first direction.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 in which the light sources are aligned in a second direction approximately perpendicular to the first direction;

the spreading direction being approximately the same as the first direction.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, further comprising:

one or more stimulus-wavelength converters that provide output light through the sources.

27. The apparatus of claim 24 in which each of the light sources is a fiber end facet, a point-like source, or a broad area source.

28. The apparatus of claim 24 in which each of the light sources is an optical fiber end positioned in a butting relationship adjacent the entry surface of the transmission structure;

the propagation component including an optical fiber surface at each end.

29. The apparatus of claim 24 in which the propagation component is positioned between the sources and the entry surface of the transmission structure.

30. The apparatus of claim 29 in which the sources and the entry surface are separated by a gap;

the propagation component including at least one of;

air, gas, a transparent medium, or vacuum in the gap;

one or more lenses; and

a set of blades.

31. The apparatus of claim 30 in which the propagation component includes at least one lens that collimates, images, or focuses.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 in which the separation component includes a positive anamorphic lens or lens group or includes a focusing lens and a negative anamorphic lens or lens group between the focusing lens and the entry surface of the transmission structure.