Biomass Fuel Synthesis Methods for Increased Energy Efficiency
First Claim
1. A biomass solution comprised of a pretreatment solution, wherein the pretreatment solution comprises at least one working fluid selected from the group consisting of liquid ionic phosphates, polyammonium ionic liquid sulfonamides, and poly(ionic liquids), and combinations thereof.
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Abstract
A high efficiency method for synthesizing biomass fuels leveraging the synergistic impact of ionic liquids on both the significant gains in pretreatment of biomass and the utilization of the combination of ionic liquids and carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions for energy generation is provided. The strategic use of heat exchangers, preferably microchannel heat exchangers and microchannel reactors further increase the efficiency and performance of the system by extensive heat recovery and the direct utilization of the biomass solution as the working fluid of a thermodynamic cycle.
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Citations
41 Claims
- 1. A biomass solution comprised of a pretreatment solution, wherein the pretreatment solution comprises at least one working fluid selected from the group consisting of liquid ionic phosphates, polyammonium ionic liquid sulfonamides, and poly(ionic liquids), and combinations thereof.
- 6. A biomass solution comprised of a pretreatment solution, wherein the pretreatment solution is comprised of an absorption heat pump having at least one working fluid component in fluid communication with the pretreatment process, wherein the at least one working fluid component is either the absorption heat pump refrigerant or refrigerant absorbent, and wherein the at least one working fluid increases the biomass surface area in the pretreatment process.
- 8. A biomass solution comprised of at least one first working fluid A1 component from a biomass to biofuel conversion process in fluid communication with a biomass to biodiesel conversion process.
- 16. A biomass solution comprised of a pretreatment solution, wherein the pretreatment solution is comprised of at least one step selected from the group consisting of electrochemical, electrolysis, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic process step, and wherein the pretreatment solution is comprised of at least one working fluid additive selected from the group combination of nanoscale conductors and semi-conductors as a means of increasing quantum mean free path, ionic liquids, liquid ionic phosphates polyammonium ionic liquid sulfonamides, quantum dots, copper, Fe2+ ions, iron-sulfur cluster, or electrides.
- 20. A biomass solution comprised of a hydrolysis process, wherein the hydrolysis process is terminated within a rapid expansion step further contained within an energy extraction device including gerotor, pressure exchanger, and quasiturbine, or a microchannel device having channels less than 10 microns as a means of reducing precipitated cellulose.
- 29. A biomass solution comprised of a rapid expansion pretreatment process having an expanded gas and a power generating thermodynamic cycle wherein the expanded gas from the pretreatment process is in fluid communication with a condenser of the power generating thermodynamic cycle as a means of increasing the thermodynamic cycle efficiency of both the biomass pretreatment process and the power generating thermodynamic cycle.
- 37. A biomass solution comprised of a protein fraction, wherein the protein fraction is preferentially hydrolyzed into branched chain amino acids and peptides.
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