Enzymatic nucleic acid synthesis: methods for inhibiting pyrophosphorolysis during sequencing synthesis
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Abstract
Nucleotide triphosphate probes containing a molecular and/or atomic tag on a γ and/or β phosphate group and/or a base moiety having a detectable property are disclosed, and kits and method for using the tagged nucleotides in sequencing reactions and various assay. Also, phosphate and polyphosphate molecular fidelity altering agents are disclosed.
138 Citations
28 Claims
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16. A method of inhibiting or preventing pyrophosphorolysis during synthesis of a nucleic acid molecule, said method comprising:
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combining a primer with a nucleic acid template under conditions sufficient to form a hybridized product; and
incubating the hybridized product with a polymerizing agent in the presence or absence of an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a pentosyltransferase, a phosphotransferase with alcohol group as acceptor, a nucleotidyltransferase, and a carboxy-lyase, under conditions sufficient to form a second nucleic acid molecule complementary to all or a portion of the nucleic acid template, adding a nucleotide including an atomic and/or molecular tag on a β and
/or γ
-phosphate thereof to either or both steps to inhibit or prevent pyrophosphorolysis during synthesis of a nucleic acid molecule.
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21. A primer extension reaction method comprising the steps of:
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providing a first and second primer, wherein said first primer is complementary to a sequence at or near the 3′
termini of the first strand of said nucleic acid molecule and said second primer is complementary to a sequence at or near the 3′
termini of the second strand of said nucleic acid molecule;
hybridizing said first primer to said first strand and said second primer to said second strand in the presence of a polymerase, and optionally an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a pentosyltransferase, a phosphotransferase with an alcohol group as an acceptor, a nucleotidyltransferase and a carboxy-lyase under conditions such that a third nucleic acid molecule complementary to said first strand and a fourth nucleic acid molecule complementary to said second strand are synthesized from nucleotides having a molecular and/or atomic tag bonded to or associated with a β
- and/or γ
-phosphate moiety of the nucleotide;
denaturing said first and third strand and said second and fourth strand; and
repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times, where the PPi released during nucleotide polymerization includes the tag preventing deleterious effects that nascent PPi cause without having to enzymatically degrade the released tagged PPi and where the tagged nucleotides prevent inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis during amplification and prevent band drop out in sequencing reactions.
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22. A method of sequencing a DNA molecule comprising:
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combining a tagged primer with a first DNA molecule under conditions sufficient to form a hybridized product;
contacting said hybridized product with nucleotides having a molecular and/or atomic tag bonded to or associated with a β
- and/or γ
-phosphate moiety thereof, a DNA polymerase, optionally an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a pentosyltransferase, a phosphotransferase with an alcohol group as acceptor, a nucleotidyltransferase and a carboxy-lyase, and a terminator nucleotide to give a reaction mixture;
incubating the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to synthesize a population of DNA molecules complementary to said first DNA molecule, wherein said synthesized DNA molecules are shorter in length than said first DNA molecule and wherein said synthesized DNA molecules comprise a terminator nucleotide at their 3′
termini; and
separating said synthesized DNA molecules by size so that at least a part of the nucleotide sequence of said first DNA molecule can be determined, where the tagged nucleotides reduce band drop out and band spreading. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25)
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26. A method of identifying a base at a target position in a sample DNA sequence comprising the steps of:
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providing an extension primer, which hybridizes to the sample DNA immediately adjacent to a target position and subjecting the sample DNA and extension primer to a polymerase reaction in the presence of a first deoxynucleotide type having a molecular and/or atomic tag on a β
- and/or γ
-phosphate thereof or a first dideoxynucleotide type having a molecular and/or atomic tag on a β
- and/or γ
-phosphate thereof, where the tagged deoxynucleotide type or tagged dideoxynucleotide type will only become incorporated and release tagged pyrophosphate (tPPi) if it is complementary to the target position,detecting a detectable property of an incorporated tagged deoxynucleotide and/or release tPPi or an incorporated tagged dideoxynucleotide and/or released tPPi, and identifying the incorporated deoxynucleotide or dideoxynucleotide type. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28)
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Specification