Inorganic-organic nanocomposite

• US 20070173598A1
• Filed: 01/20/2006
• Published: 07/26/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 01/20/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Momentive Performance Materials Incorporated (Momentive Performance Materials Holdings LLC)
• Original Assignee: Momentive Performance Materials Incorporated (Momentive Performance Materials Holdings LLC)
• Inventors: Kumar, Vikram, Williams, David, Ramakrishnan, Indumathi, Nesakumar, Edward
• Granted Patent: US 7,531,613 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 524/588
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 77/388 containing nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2383/04 Polysiloxanes
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/005 Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/346 Clay
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 9/08 Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 83/08 containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Abstract

The present invention relates to improved nanocomposite compositions and methods for making and using the same. This invention also relates to the use of these inorganic-organic nanocomposite in compositions, for example, coatings, sealants, caulks, adhesives, and as additives for solid polymer-containing compositions.

Claims

1. An inorganic-organic nanocomposite comprising at least one inorganic component which is a layered inorganic nanoparticulate and at least one organic component which is a quaternary ammonium organopolysiloxane.

2. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the layered inorganic nanoparticulate possesses exchangeable cations selected from the group of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mg²⁺, and mixtures thereof.

3. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the layered nanoparticulate is at least one member selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, sodium montmorillonite, calcium montmorillonite, magnesium montmorillonite, nontronite, beidellite, volkonskoite, laponite, hectorite, saponite, sauconite, magadite, kenyaite, sobockite, svindordite, stevensite, vermiculite, halloysite, aluminate oxides, hydrotalcite, illite, rectorite, tarosovite, ledikitekaolinite and, mixtures thereof.

4. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein layered inorganic nanoparticulate has an average maximum lateral dimension of between about 0.01 μ

m and about 10 μ

m and an average maximum vertical dimension of between about 0.5 nm and about 10 nm.

5. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the quaternary ammonium organopolysiloxane is at least one ammonium-containing diorganopolysiloxane having the formula:

M_aD_bD′

_c

wherein “

a”

is 2, and “

b”

is equal to or greater than 1 and “

c”

is zero or positive;

M is

[R³_zNR⁴]_3-x-yR¹_xR²_ySiO_1/2

wherein “

x”

is 0, 1 or 2 and “

y”

is either 0 or 1, subject to the limitation that x+y is less than or equal to 2, “

z”

is 2, R¹ and R² each independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group up to 60 carbons;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of H and a monovalent hydrocarbon group up to 60 carbons;

R⁴ is a monovalent hydrocarbon group up to 60 carbons;

D is

R⁵R⁶SiO_1/2

where R⁵ and R⁶ each independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group up to 60 carbon atoms; and

D′

is

R⁷R⁸SiO_2/2

where R⁷ and R⁸ each independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing amine with the general formula;

[R⁹_aNR¹⁰]

wherein “

a”

is 2, R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of H and a monovalent hydrocarbon group up to 60 carbons;

R¹⁰ is a monovalent hydrocarbon group up to 60 carbons.

6. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 5 wherein the quaternary ammonium group is represented by the formula R⁶ R⁷ R⁸N⁺X⁻

wherein at least one R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ is an alkoxy silane up to 60 carbon atoms and the remaining are an alkyl or alkenyl group of up to 60 carbon atoms and X is an anion.

7. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the quaternary ammonium organopolysiloxane is obtained by reacting an aminosilane possessing at least one hydrolysable group with water under hydrolysis/condensation conditions to provide amine-terminated organopolysiloxane and thereafter quarternizing the amine-terminated organopolysiloxane to provide ammonium organopolysiloxane.

8. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the quaternary ammonium organopolysiloxane is obtained by quarternizing an aminosilane possessing at least one hydrolysable alkoxy group(s) prior to hydrolysis/condensation to provide ammonium organopolysiloxane.

9. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 1 wherein the quaternary ammonium organopolysiloxane is obtained by hydrosilating hydrogen-terminated organopolysiloxane with allylamine in the presence of hydrosilation catalyst to provide amine terminated organopolysiloxane and thereafter quarternizing the amine-terminated organopolysiloxane to provide ammonium organopolysiloxane.

18. A composition comprising at least one solid synthetic resin and, as partial or total filler therefor, at least one inorganic-organic nanocomposite of claim 1.

19. The composition of claim 18 wherein the resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxy, polycarbonate, silicone, polyester, polyether, polyolefin, natural and synthetic rubber, polyurethane, nylon, polystyrene, polyvinylaromatic, acrylic, acrylate ester polyamide, polyimide, phenolic, polyvinylhalide, polyphenylene oxide, polyketone, their copolymer and blends thereof.

20. The composition of claim 18 wherein the inorganic-organic nanocomposite is present therein at a level of up to about 90 weight percent.

10. A method of preparing inorganic-organic nanocomposite comprising the steps of:

a) reacting an aminosilane possessing at least one hydrolyzable alkoxy group with water, optionally, in the presence of catalyst, to provide amine-terminated organopolysiloxane;

b) quaternizing the amine-terminated organopolysiloxane to provide a quarternized organopolysiloxane; and

,

c) combining the quaternized organopolysiloxane with layered inorganic nanoparticulate possessing exchangeable cation to provide inorganic-organic nanocomposite.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the aminosilane is a primary, secondary or tertiary aminosilane possessing at least one hydrolyzable alkoxy group.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein the catalyst is a selected from the group consisting of organometallic compounds, acids, bases, and mixtures thereof.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein the amine-terminated organopolysiloxane is quaternized with mineral acid, alkyl halide, or mixture thereof.

14. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite obtained by the method of claim 10.

15. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite obtained by the method of claim 11.

16. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite obtained by the method of claim 12.

17. The inorganic-organic nanocomposite obtained by the method of claim 13.

21. A composition comprising at least one solid synthetic resin and, as partial or total filler therefor, at least one inorganic-organic nanocomposite obtained by the method of claim 10.

22. The composition of claim 21 wherein the resin is at least one of epoxy, polycarbonate, silicone, polyester, polyether, polyolefin, natural and synthetic rubber, polyurethane, nylon, polystyrene, polyvinylaromatic, acrylic, acrylate ester polyamide, polyimide, phenolic, polyvinylhalide, polyphenylene oxide, polyketone, their copolymer and blends thereof.

23. The composition of claim 21 wherein the inorganic-organic nanocomposite is present therein at a level of up to about 90 weight percent.