Electro-Optical Element Including IMI Coatings
First Claim
1. An electrochromic element comprising:
- a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;
a second substrate in spaced apart relationship to the first substrate and having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface;
an electrochromic medium located between the first and second substrates, wherein the electrochromic medium has a light transmittance that is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto; and
a transparent electrode layer covering at least a portion of at least a select one of the second surface and the third surface wherein the transparent electrode layer comprises a first insulator layer, at least one metal layer and a second insulator layer, and wherein the electrochromic element displays a color rendering index of greater than or equal to 80.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An electrochromic element comprises a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second substrate in spaced-apart relationship to the first substrate and having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and an electrochromic medium located between the first and second substrates, wherein the electrochromic medium has a light transmittance that is variable upon application of an electric field thereto. The electrochromic element further comprises a transparent electrode layer covering at least a portion of at least a select one of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface, wherein the transparent electrode layer comprises an insulator/metal/insulator stack. The materials utilized to construct the insulator/metal/insulator stack are selected to optimize optical and physical properties of the electrochromic element such as reflectivity, color, electrical switch stability, and environmental durability.
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Citations
51 Claims
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1. An electrochromic element comprising:
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a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a second substrate in spaced apart relationship to the first substrate and having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface; an electrochromic medium located between the first and second substrates, wherein the electrochromic medium has a light transmittance that is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto; and a transparent electrode layer covering at least a portion of at least a select one of the second surface and the third surface wherein the transparent electrode layer comprises a first insulator layer, at least one metal layer and a second insulator layer, and wherein the electrochromic element displays a color rendering index of greater than or equal to 80. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. An electrochromic element comprising:
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a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a second substrate in spaced apart relationship to the first substrate and having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface; an electrochromic medium located between the first and second substrates, wherein the electrochromic medium has a light transmittance that is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto; and a transparent electrode layer covering at least a portion of at least a select one of the second surface and the third surface, wherein the transparent electrode layer comprises a first insulator layer, at least one metal layer and a second insulator layer, and wherein at least one of the first insulator layer and the second insulator layer comprises at least a select one of indium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, titanium oxide, electrically conductive TiO2, CeOx, tin dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, ZnS, chromium oxide, niobium oxide, ZrOx, WO3, nickel oxide, IrO2, and combinations thereof. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. An electrochromic element comprising:
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a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a second substrate in spaced apart relationship to the first substrate and having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface; an electrochromic medium located between the first and second substrates, wherein the electrochromic medium has a light transmittance that is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto; and a transparent electrode layer covering at least a portion of at least a select one of the second surface and the third surface, wherein the transparent electrode layer comprises a first insulator layer proximate the electrochromic medium, at least one metal layer and a second insulator layer, and wherein the first insulator comprises indium tin oxide, and wherein the transmittance of the transparent electrode is greater than or equal to about 75%. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. An electrochromic element comprising:
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a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a second substrate in spaced apart relationship to the first substrate and having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface; an electrochromic medium located between the first and second substrates, wherein the electrochromic medium has a light transmittance that is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto; and a transparent electrode layer covering at least a portion of at least a select one of the second surface and the third surface, wherein the transparent electrode layer comprises a first insulator layer, a metal layer, and a second insulator layer, and an optional electrical stabilization layer position between the metal layer and either insulator layer wherein at least one of the optional electrical stabilization layer or layers comprises at least a select one of gold, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium, copper, nickel, platinum, iridium, and combinations thereof. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 44, 45, 46)
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39. An electrochromic element comprising:
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a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a second substrate in spaced apart relationship to the first substrate and having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface; an electrochromic medium located between the first and second substrates, wherein the electrochromic medium has a light transmittance that is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto; and a transparent electrode layer covering at least a portion of at least a select one of the second surface and the third surface, wherein the transparent electrode layer comprises a first insulator layer, a metal layer, and a second insulator layer, and wherein the metal layer comprises silver and at least one of the first insulator layer and the second insulator layer comprises zinc oxide or Sb and combinations thereof. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49)
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50. A method for manufacturing an electrochromic element, the method comprising:
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providing a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; providing a second substrate having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface; applying a transparent electrode layer to at least a select one of the second surface and the third surface, wherein the transparent electrode layer comprises a first insulator layer, a metal layer, and a second insulator layer; applying an epoxy to at least a select one of the second surface and the third surface; and sealing the first substrate to the second substrate by applying infrared radiation to the epoxy, wherein the major wavelength of the infrared radiation less than 2.5 microns. - View Dependent Claims (51)
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Specification