LOW-EMISSIONS DIESEL FUEL BLEND
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Accused Products
Abstract
A low-emissions diesel fuel comprises a catalyzed blend of fatty acid esters, preferably derived from soybean oil and/or tallow and aviation kerosene. The catalyzed blend is effective in lowering regulated emission pollutants, among which are NOx, particulates, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The catalyst will comprise fuel-soluble platinum and/or cerium or iron. The cerium or iron are typically employed at concentrations of from 2 to 25 ppm and the platinum from 0.05 to 2 ppm, with preferred levels of cerium or iron being from 5 to 10 ppm, e.g., 7.5 ppm, and the platinum being employed at a level of from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm, e.g., 0.15 ppm. A preferred ratio of cerium and/or iron to platinum is from 75:1 to 10:1. The jet fuel component will typically be employed at a volume ratio to the fatty acid esters of from about 2:1 to about 5:1, e.g., about 4:1. The full range of blends extends from 50:1 to 1:50 with some benefit. The jet fuel component of the blend preferably contains grade 55, 50-300 ppm detergent, 25 to about 500 ppm lubricity additive and 0.1-1 ppm platinum COD and 5-20 ppm cerium oleate or octoate. In addition to the fuel blend, a method is provided for reducing the emissions of pollutants from a diesel engine, comprising running the engine on a fuel as defined.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. (canceled)
- 3. A low-emissions diesel fuel effective in lowering one or more regulated emission pollutants, among which are NOx, particulates, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, the fuel comprising a blend of fatty acid esters and aviation kerosene and being catalyzed with a catalyst component comprising fuel-soluble platinum and/or cerium and/or iron, wherein the cerium or iron, when employed, are present at concentrations of from 2 to 25 ppm and the platinum, when employed, is present at concentrations of from 0.05 to 2 ppm.
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4. A low-emissions diesel fuel effective in lowering one or more regulated emission pollutants, among which are NOx, particulates, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, the fuel comprising a blend of fatty acid esters and aviation kerosene and being catalyzed with a catalyst component comprising fuel-soluble platinum and/or cerium and/or iron, wherein the levels of cerium or iron, when employed, are from 5 to 10 ppm and the platinum, when employed, is present at a level of from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm.
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8. A low-emissions diesel fuel effective in lowering one or more regulated emission pollutants, among which are NOx, particulates, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, the fuel comprising a blend of fatty acid esters and aviation kerosene and being catalyzed with a catalyst component comprising fuel-soluble platinum and/or cerium and/or iron, wherein the ratio of cerium and/or iron, when employed, to platinum, when employed, is from 75:
- 1 to 10;
1. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 18, 19, 20)
- 1 to 10;
- 11. A low-emissions diesel fuel effective in lowering one or more regulated emission pollutants, among which are NOx, particulates, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, the fuel comprising a blend of fatty acid esters and aviation kerosene and being catalyzed with a catalyst component comprising fuel-soluble platinum and/or cerium and/or iron, wherein the levels of cerium or iron, when employed, are from 5 to 10 ppm and the platinum, when employed, is present at a level of from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm, and the fuel is effective in reducing NOx by at least 5% and particulates by at least 25% as compared to a baseline of No. 2 Diesel fuel.
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13. (canceled)
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14. A low-emissions diesel fuel effective in simultaneously lowering NOx by at least 5% and particulates by at least 25% as compared to a baseline of No. 2 Diesel fuel, the fuel comprising a blend of fatty acid esters derived from soybean oil and/or tallow and aviation kerosene, at a volume ratio of the aviation kerosene to the fatty acid esters of from about 2:
- 1 to about 5;
1, and the fuel being catalyzed with a catalyst component comprising a fuel-soluble platinum composition at a level of at least about 0.1 ppm wherein the fuel further comprises cerium or iron at a level of from 5 to 10 ppm. - View Dependent Claims (16)
- 1 to about 5;
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15. (canceled)
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17. (canceled)
Specification