Watermark Synchronization System and Method for Embedding in Features Tolerant to Errors in Feature Estimates at Receiver

• US 20070217626A1
• Filed: 03/16/2007
• Published: 09/20/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/2006
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: University of Rochester
• Original Assignee: University of Rochester
• Inventors: Sharma, Gaurav, Coumou, David, Celik, Mehmet
• Application Number:
  US11/687,103
• Publication Number:
  US 20070217626A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 381/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/005 Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0065 Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/018 Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0057 Block codes H04L1/0061, H04L1/0064 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32149 Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3284 for error correction

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a system that includes a signal feature estimator module configured to derive a plurality of signal feature estimate values from a received signal. An inner symbol alignment decoder is coupled to the signal feature estimator module. The inner symbol alignment decoder is configured to generate N probability vectors from the plurality of signal feature estimate values using a predetermined marker vector. N is an integer estimate of a number of symbols in a codeword corresponding to an watermark message that may or may not be embedded in the received signal. An outer soft-input error correction decoder is coupled to the inner decoder. The outer decoder performs a series computations and generates an estimated watermark message based on the N probability vectors. The watermark message is used to communicate data and/or to authenticate the received signal.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a signal feature estimator module configured to derive a plurality of signal feature estimate values from a received signal;

an inner symbol alignment decoder coupled to the signal feature estimator module, the inner symbol alignment decoder being configured to generate N probability vectors from the plurality of signal feature estimate values using a predetermined marker vector, N being an integer estimate of a number of symbols in a codeword corresponding to an watermark message that may or may not be embedded in the received signal; and

an outer soft-input error correction decoder coupled to the inner decoder, the outer decoder performing decoding of the received probabilities from the inner decoder in order to estimate the watermark message potentially embedded within the multimedia signal.

2. The system in claim 1, where in the outer decoder comprises an LDPC decoder and the decoder performs a series of iterative computations up to a predetermined number of iterations, each iterative computation generating an estimated watermark message based on the N probability vectors, the estimated watermark message being authenticated if and only if the estimated watermark message satisfies a low density parity check within the predetermined number of iterative computations.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising at least one circuit configured to generate an alarm signal if the estimated watermark message does not satisfy the parity check within the predetermined number of iterative computations.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one circuit is coupled to an output device, the at least one circuit preventing the received signal from being directed to the output device if the estimated watermark message does not satisfy the parity check within the predetermined number of iterative computations.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one circuit allows the received signal to be directed to the output device if the estimated watermark message satisfies the parity check within the predetermined number of iterative computations.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the estimator module is configured to detect received signal segments based on a signal feature, obtain a plurality of signal feature samples from each of the received signal segments, and process the plurality of signal feature samples to obtain the plurality of signal feature estimate values.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of signal feature samples are averaged to obtain the plurality of signal feature estimate values.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein each estimated value is computed using a QIM demodulator.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the inner decoder employs a hidden Markov model such that each of the N probability vectors is a probability mass function vector.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the probability mass function vector is a function of a plurality of predetermined event probabilities.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of predetermined event probabilities include a probability that a random bit is improperly inserted into the received signal, a probability that a bit in the received signal is correctly received, a probability that a validly transmitted bit is improperly deleted from the received signal, and a probability that a bit in the received signal is incorrectly received.

12. The system of claim 2, wherein the LDPC decoder estimates a marginal posterior probability for each tentative symbol value using a sum-product algorithm, a tentative symbol value being selected when the marginal posterior probability is at a maximum value.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the LDPC decoder performs the parity check by multiplying the estimated watermark message by a LDPC parity check matrix (H), the estimated watermark message (x) including a plurality of tentative symbol values, the estimated watermark message satisfying the parity check if Hx equals zero (0).

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the received signal includes an audio signal.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the received signal includes a speech signal.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the received signal includes a video signal.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the received signal includes music content.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the received signal is a telephonic signal.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal feature is pitch.

20. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal feature includes pseudo-periodic signal segments.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal feature includes a video artifact.

22. The system of claim 1, further comprising a receiver coupled to the signal feature estimator module, the receiver being configured to derive the received signal from signals propagating in a communication channel.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the communication channel propagates signals selected from a group of signals that includes electromagnetic signals and/or acoustic signals.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the electromagnetic signals include RF signals, telephonic signals, baseband electrical signals, optical signals, and wherein the channel comprises wireless, fiber optic, optical, coaxial, line-of-sight, and/or wireline transmission media.

25. A multi-media system comprising:

a communication interface configured to be coupled to a network and configured to provide the received signal from the network;

the system of claim 1 coupled to the communications interface, the system of claim 1 being further configured to generate an error correction decoder output signal in accordance with the estimated watermark signal; and

a media device coupled to the system of claim 1 and the communication interface, the media device being configured to convert the received signal into a human perceptible output signal and/or provide a response in accordance with the error correction decoder output signal.

26. The multi-media system of claim 25, wherein the media device is selected from a group of media devices that includes a television, an audio system, an audio-visual system, a telephonic device, and/or a computing device.

27. A media player device comprising:

the system of claim 1 being further configured to generate an error correction decoder output signal in accordance with the estimated watermark signal; and

a reader mechanism coupled to the system of claim 1, the reader mechanism being configured to retrieve a digital file stored on a media element, the reader mechanism being further configured to convert the digital file into the received signal and/or provide a response in accordance with the error correction decoder output signal.

28. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

an outer coder configured to encode a watermark signal with an error correction code to generate a codeword having N symbols;

a sparsifier look-up table (LUT) coupled to the outer coder, the sparsifier LUT being configured to map each of the N-symbols to a memory location within the sparsifier LUT to obtain a sparse message vector;

an element configured to store the marker vector;

an adder coupled to the element and the sparsifier LUT, the adder being configured to combine the sparse message vector and the marker vector to generate an embedded message; and

a signal feature embedding module coupled to a media signal source and the adder, the signal feature embedding module being configured to detect media signal segments based on the signal feature and embed at least one bit of the embedded message into each media signal segment to thereby generate a watermarked media signal.

29. The system of claim 28, further comprising a transmitter coupled to the signal feature embedding module, the receiver being configured to transmit the watermarked media signal over a communication channel.

30. The system of claim 29, further comprising a mobile platform including at least one housing configured to accommodate the system.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein the mobile platform includes an aircraft.

32. The system of claim 30, wherein the mobile platform includes a ground based vehicle.

33. A system comprising:

a transmitter subsystem including,

an outer coder configured to encode a watermark signal with an error correction encoder to generate a codeword having N symbols,

a sparsifier look-up table (LUT) coupled to the outer coder, the sparsifier LUT being configured to map each of the N-symbols to a memory location within the sparsifier LUT to obtain a sparse message vector,

an adder coupled to the sparsifier LUT, the adder being configured to combine the sparse message vector and a marker vector to generate an embedded message, and

a signal feature embedding module coupled to a media signal source and the adder, the signal feature embedding module being configured to detect media signal segments based on the signal feature and embed at least one bit of the embedded message into each media signal segment to thereby generate a watermarked media signal; and

a receiver subsystem including,

a signal feature estimator module configured to derive a plurality of signal feature estimate values from a received signal,

an inner symbol alignment decoder coupled to the signal feature estimator module, the inner symbol alignment decoder being configured to generate N probability vectors from the plurality of signal feature estimate values using a predetermined marker vector, N being an integer estimate of a number of symbols in a codeword corresponding to an oblivious watermark message that may or may not be embedded in the received signal, and an outer soft-input error correction decoder coupled to the inner decoder, the outer decoder performing computations to obtain an estimated watermark message based on the N probability vectors.

34. The system of claim 33, further comprising a transmitter coupled to the signal feature embedding module, the receiver being configured to transmit the watermarked media signal over a communication channel.

35. The system of claim 34, further comprising a receiver coupled to the signal feature estimator module, the receiver being configured to derive the received signal from signals propagating in the communication channel.

36. The system of claim 35, wherein the transmitter sub-system is disposed at a first location and the receiver sub-system is disposed at a second location, the transmitter being linked to the receiver via the communication channel.