Input/loss method using the genetics of fossil fuels for determining fuel chemistry, calorific value and performance of a fossil-fired power plant
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Abstract
This invention relates to any fossil fueled thermal system, and especially relates to large commercial steam generators used in power plants, and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for determining fuel chemistry in essentially real time based on effluents resulting from combustion, associated stoichiometrics, and the genetics of the fossil fuel. Knowing the system'"'"'s fuel chemistry, the fuel calorific value, the fuel flow and the thermal performance associated with the thermal system may then be determined in essentially real time.
14 Citations
85 Claims
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1-45. -45. (canceled)
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46. A method for quantifying the operation of a thermal system burning a fossil fuel having a heat exchanger/combustion region producing combustion products, the method comprising the steps of:
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operating a computer programmed with a mathematical description of the thermal system based on a closed-form solution, resulting in a programmed computer;
obtaining a set of Choice Operating Parameters selected from the group consisting of;
a Stack CO2, a Boiler CO2, a Stack H2O, a Boiler H2O, an Air Pre-Heater Leakage Factor, a concentration of O2 in the combustion air local to the thermal system, an indicated plant limestone flow, a Stack O2, a Boiler O2, and a relative humidity of the ambient air local to the thermal system;
obtaining a fuel ash concentration selected from the group consisting of;
a constant value of fuel ash, a predictable value of fuel ash, a measured value of fuel ash determined from a fuel ash instrument and a value of fuel ash determined from an explicit solution, as an obtained fuel ash concentration; and
operating the programmed computer to obtain a complete As-Fired fuel chemistry, including fuel water and fuel ash, based on the mathematical description of the thermal system, the set of Choice Operating Parameters, and the obtained fuel ash concentration. - View Dependent Claims (52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 80, 82, 83, 84)
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47. A method for quantifying the operation of a thermal system burning a fossil fuel having a heat exchanger/combustion region producing combustion products, the method comprising the steps of:
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before on-line operation, developing a mathematical description of the thermal system based on a closed-form solution;
while operating on-line, the step of operating on-line comprising the steps of obtaining a set of Choice Operating Parameters selected from the group consisting of;
a Stack CO2, a Boiler CO2, a Stack H2O, a Boiler H2O, an Air Pre-Heater Leakage Factor, a concentration of O2 in the combustion air local to the thermal system, an indicated plant limestone flow, a Stack O2, a Boiler O2, and a relative humidity of the ambient air local to the thermal system,obtaining a fuel ash concentration selected from the group consisting of;
a constant value of fuel ash, a predictable value of fuel ash, a measured value of fuel ash determined from a fuel ash instrument and a value of fuel ash determined from an explicit solution, as an obtained fuel ash concentration, andoperating a programmed computer to obtain a complete As-Fired fuel chemistry, including fuel water and fuel ash, based on the mathematical description of the thermal system, the set of Choice Operating Parameters, and the obtained fuel ash concentration. - View Dependent Claims (57, 59, 81)
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48. A method for quantifying the operation of a thermal system burning a fossil fuel having a heat exchanger/combustion region producing combustion products, the method comprising the steps of:
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operating a computer programmed with a mathematical description of the thermal system based on stoichiometric relationships and genetics of the fossil fuel, resulting in a programmed computer, obtaining a set of Choice Operating Parameters selected from the group consisting of;
a Stack CO2, a Boiler CO2, a Stack H2O, a Boiler H2O, an Air Pre-Heater Leakage Factor, a concentration of O2 in the combustion air local to the thermal system, an indicated plant limestone flow, a Stack O2, a Boiler O2, and a relative humidity of the ambient air local to the thermal system;
obtaining a fuel ash concentration selected from the group consisting of;
a constant value of fuel ash, a predictable value of fuel ash, a measured value of fuel ash determined from a fuel ash instrument and a value of fuel ash determined from an explicit solution, as an obtained fuel ash concentration; and
operating the programmed computer to obtain a complete As-Fired fuel chemistry, including fuel water and fuel ash, based on the mathematical description of the thermal system, the set of Choice Operating Parameters, and the obtained fuel ash concentration.
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49. A method for quantifying the operation of a thermal system burning a fossil fuel having a heat exchanger/combustion region producing combustion products, the method comprising the steps of:
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before on-line operation, developing a mathematical description of the thermal system based on combustion stoichiometrics and a genetics of the fossil fuel;
while operating on-line, the step of operating on-line comprising the steps of obtaining a set of Choice Operating Parameters selected from the group consisting of;
a Stack CO2, a Boiler CO2, a Stack H2O, a Boiler H2O, an Air Pre-Heater Leakage Factor, a concentration of O2 in the combustion air local to the thermal system, an indicated plant limestone flow, a Stack O2, a Boiler O2, and a relative humidity of the ambient air local to the thermal system;
obtaining a fuel ash concentration selected from the group consisting of;
a constant value of fuel ash, a predictable value of fuel ash, a measured value of fuel ash determined from a fuel ash instrument and a value of fuel ash determined from an explicit solution, as an obtained fuel ash concentration; and
operating a programmed computer to obtain a complete As-Fired fuel chemistry, including fuel water and fuel ash, based on the mathematical description of the thermal system, the set of Choice Operating Parameters, and the obtained fuel ash concentration.
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50. A method for quantifying the operation of a thermal system burning a fossil fuel having a heat exchanger/combustion region producing combustion products, the method comprising the steps of:
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operating a computer programmed with a mathematical description of the thermal system based on stoichiometric relationships and genetics of the fossil fuel, resulting in a programmed computer, measuring a set of measurable Operating Parameters, including at least effluent concentrations of O2 and CO2, these measurements being made at a location downstream of the heat exchanger/combustion region of the thermal system, obtaining an effluent concentration of H2O, as an obtained effluent H2O, obtaining a fuel ash concentration selected from the group consisting of;
a constant value of fuel ash, a predictable value of fuel ash, a measured value of fuel ash determined from a fuel ash instrument and a value of fuel ash determined from an explicit solution, as an obtained fuel ash concentration,obtaining a concentration of O2 in the combustion air local to the system, obtaining an Air Pre-Heater Leakage Factor, and operating the programmed computer to obtain a complete As-Fired fuel chemistry, including fuel water and fuel ash, based on the mathematical description of the thermal system, the set of measurable Operating Parameters, the obtained effluent H2O, the obtained fuel ash concentration, the concentration of O2 in the combustion air local to the system and the Air Pre-Heater Leakage Factor. - View Dependent Claims (70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 85)
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51. A method for quantifying the operation of a thermal system burning a fossil fuel having a heat exchanger/combustion region producing combustion products, the method comprising the steps of:
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before on-line operation, developing a mathematical description of the thermal system based on stoichiometric relationships and genetics of the fossil fuel;
the step of operating on-line comprising the steps of measuring a set of measurable Operating Parameters, including at least effluent concentrations of O2 and CO2, these measurements being made at a location downstream of the heat exchanger/combustion region of the thermal system, obtaining an effluent concentration of H2O, as an obtained effluent H2O, obtaining a fuel ash concentration selected from the group consisting of;
a constant value of fuel ash, a predictable value of fuel ash, a measured value of fuel ash determined from a fuel ash instrument and a value of fuel ash determined from an explicit solution, as an obtained fuel ash concentration,obtaining a concentration of O2 in the combustion air local to the system, obtaining an Air Pre-Heater Leakage Factor, and operating a programmed computer to obtain a complete As-Fired fuel chemistry, including fuel water and fuel ash, based on the mathematical description of the thermal system, the set of measurable Operating Parameters, the obtained effluent H2O, the obtained fuel ash concentration, the concentration of O2 in the combustion air local to the system and the Air Pre-Heater Leakage Factor.
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Specification