Systems and Methods for Reducing Power Losses in a Medical Device

• US 20070273216A1
• Filed: 05/24/2006
• Published: 11/29/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 05/24/2006
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Farbarik, John M.
• Application Number:
  US11/420,165
• Publication Number:
  US 20070273216A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 307/86
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0069 the speed thereof being controlled by respiratory parameters, e.g. by inhalation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/024 including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/001 Hot plugging or unplugging of load or power modules to or from power distribution networks
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/10 Parallel operation of dc sources
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/108 using diodes blocking reverse current flow H02J1/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/23 The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/061 for DC powered loads

Abstract

A system for reducing power loss in a medical apparatus may include multiple power sources, a power source switch matrix, a diode, and a diode bypass switch. The power source switch matrix may control whether each power source is currently providing power to the power load. The diode may be electrically coupled to a first power source to prevent current from one or more of the other power sources from being applied to the first power source. The diode bypass switch may be coupled to the first power source and is operable to switch between a first state in which a current pathway from the first power source to the power load includes the diode and a second state providing a current pathway from the first power source to the power load that circumvents the diode.

Claims

1. A system for reducing power loss in a medical apparatus, comprising:

multiple power sources, each power source operable to provide power to a power load of a medical apparatus;

a power source switch matrix configured to control whether each power source is currently providing power to the power load;

a first diode electrically coupled to a first one of the multiple power sources to prevent current from one or more of the other power sources from being applied to the first power source; and

a first diode bypass switch coupled to the first power source and operable to switch between a first state in which a current pathway from the first power source to the power load includes the first diode and a second state providing a current pathway from the first power source to the power load that circumvents the first diode.

2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the power source switch matrix is at least partially passive such that, in at least some instances, the power source switch matrix automatically and passively switches between the power sources such that the power source currently having the highest voltage provides power to the power load.

3. A system according to claim 1, further comprising:

at least one circuit connect switch coupled to at least one of the multiple power sources; and

a processor operable to actively switch each circuit connect switch to actively control whether a power source associated with the circuit connect switch is connected to a circuit such that the power source can provide power to the power load.

4. A system according to claim 1, wherein in the second state of the first diode bypass switch, the first power source may provide power to the power load without power loss to the first diode.

5. A system according to claim 1, wherein:

the multiple power sources include a DC power source and one or more batteries; and

the first power source comprises a battery.

6. A system according to claim 5, wherein the DC power source and the one or more batteries are coupled to the power load such that if the DC power source is removed while providing power to the power load, the system automatically and passively switches to one of the batteries to provide power to the power load.

7. A system according to claim 1, further comprising a processor operable to actively switch the first diode bypass switch between the first state and the second state.

8. A system according to claim 7, further comprising a voltage monitoring device coupled to the processor and operable to monitor the voltage of one or more of the multiple power sources;

wherein the processor is operable to receive input from the voltage monitoring device regarding the voltage of one or more of the multiple power sources and actively switch the first diode bypass switch between the first state and the second state based at least on the input received from the voltage monitoring.

9. A system according to claim 8, wherein:

the multiple power sources are coupled to the power load such that if a second power source currently providing power to the power load is removed, the system passively switches to the first power source to provide power to the power load; and

the processor is operable to determine based on input received from the voltage monitoring device that the system has switched to the second power source to provide power to the power load and, as a result, actively switch the first diode bypass switch to the second state to bypass the first diode.

10. A system according to claim 1, wherein the first diode bypass switch comprises a transistor.

11. A system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a second diode electrically coupled to a second one of the multiple power sources to prevent current from one or more of the other power sources from being applied to the second power source; and

a second diode bypass switch coupled to the second power source and operable to switch between a first state in which the current pathway between the second power source to the power load includes the second diode and a second state providing a current pathway from the second power source to the power load that circumvents the second diode.

12. A system according to claim 11, wherein

the multiple power sources include a DC power source and at least two batteries;

and

the first power source comprises a first battery; and

the second power source comprises a second battery.

13. A system according to claim 12, wherein:

the multiple power sources are coupled to the power load such that if the DC power source currently providing power to the power load is removed, the system passively switches to either the first battery or the second battery to provide power to the power load; and

the processor is operable to determine based on input received from the voltage monitoring device that the system has switched to either the first battery or the second battery to provide power to the power load and, as a result, actively switch the diode bypass switch corresponding to the battery currently providing power to the power load to the second state to bypass the corresponding diode.

14. A method for reducing power loss in a medical apparatus, comprising:

in a system including multiple power sources, each operable to provide power to a power load of a medical apparatus, switching between the power sources to control whether each power source is currently providing power to the power load;

switching a first diode bypass switch coupled to a first one of the multiple power sources between a first state and a second state;

wherein in the first state, a current pathway from the first power source to the power load includes a first diode electrically coupled to the first power source to prevent current from one or more of the other power sources from being applied to the first power source; and

wherein in the second state, a current pathway is provided from the first power source to the power load that circumvents the first diode.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein switching between the power sources to control whether each power source is currently providing power to the power load comprises, in at least some instances, automatically and passively switching between the power sources such that the power source currently having the highest voltage provides power to the power load.

16. A method according to claim 14, wherein switching between the power sources to control whether each power source is currently providing power to the power load comprises, in at least some instances, actively controlling a circuit connect switch to control whether a power source associated with the circuit control switch is connected to a circuit such that the power source can provide power to the power load.

17. A method according to claim 14, wherein in the second state of the first diode bypass switch, the first power source may provide power to the power load without power loss to the first diode.

18. A method according to claim 14, wherein:

the multiple power sources include a DC power source and one or more batteries; and

the first power source comprises a battery.

19. A method according to claim 18, further comprising, in response to the DC power source being removed while providing power to the power load, the system automatically and passively switching to one of the batteries to provide power to the power load.

20. A method according to claim 14, further comprising actively switching the first diode bypass switch between the first state and the second state.

21. A method according to claim 20, further comprising:

monitoring the voltage of one or more of the multiple power sources; and

actively switching the first diode bypass switch between the first state and the second state based at least on the voltage monitoring.

22. A method according to claim 21, wherein:

in response to removing a second power source currently providing power to the power load, passively switching to the first power source to provide power to the power load; and

determining based at least on the voltage monitoring that the system has switched to the second power source to provide power to the power load and, as a result, actively switching the first diode bypass switch to the second state to bypass the first diode.

23. A method according to claim 14, wherein the first diode bypass switch comprises a transistor.

24. A method according to claim 14, further comprising:

switching a second diode bypass switch coupled to a second one of the multiple power sources between a first state and a second state;

wherein in the first state, a current pathway from the second power source to the power load includes a second diode electrically coupled to the second power source to prevent current from one or more of the other power sources from being applied to the second power source; and

wherein in the second state, a current pathway is provided from the second power source to the power load that circumvents the second diode.

25. A method according to claim 24, wherein

the multiple power sources include a DC power source and at least two batteries;

and

the first power source comprises a first battery; and

the second power source comprises a second battery.

26. A method according to claim 25, wherein:

in response to removing the DC power source currently providing power to the power load, passively switching to either the first battery or the second battery to provide power to the power load; and

determining based at least on the voltage monitoring that the system has switched to either the first battery or the second batter to provide power to the power load and, as a result, actively switching the diode bypass switch corresponding to the battery currently providing power to the power load to the second state to bypass the corresponding diode.

27. A system for reducing power loss in a medical apparatus, comprising:

multiple power supply means for providing power to a power load of a medical apparatus;

power source switching means for controlling whether each power source is currently providing power to the power load;

current blocking means coupled to a first one of the power supply means for preventing current from one or more of the other power supply means from being applied to the first power supply means; and

bypassing means for switching between a first state in which a current pathway from the first power supply means to the power load includes the current blocking means and a second state providing a current pathway from the first power supply means to the power load that circumvents the first current blocking means.

28. A system according to claim 27, wherein the power source switching means is at least partially passive such that, in at least some instances, the system automatically and passively switches between the power supply means such that the power supply means having the highest voltage provides power to the power load.