Hydrogen-oxygen plasma engines and dosing methods therefor

• US 20070289560A1
• Filed: 06/17/2006
• Published: 12/20/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Aleksandr Smushkovich, Yuriy Yatsenko
• Original Assignee: Aleksandr Smushkovich, Yuriy Yatsenko
• Inventors: Smushkovich, Aleksandr, Yatsenko, Yuriy
• Granted Patent: US 7,444,998 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 123/2
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 1/04 by electrolysis of water
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 9/00 Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
• CPC Class Codes: F01P 3/02 Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 43/10 Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 21/0206 Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 21/0227 Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 21/0245 High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 21/0284 Arrangement of multiple injectors or fuel-air mixers per combustion chamber
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 25/12 the apparatus having means for generating such gases using rays and simultaneously generating ozone F02M27/06
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 27/04 by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/30 Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Abstract

Disclosed embodiments of proposed hydrogen-oxygen and hydrogen-air engines are usable in automotive, power-producing, chemical and other industries. The engines comprise cylinders; water dissociation means, including thermo-impact transformers and possibly electrolyzers; ionic dividers separating hydrogen and oxygen ions; injection means configured to inject hydrogen and oxygen/air doses in response to an operator'"'"'s action and according to proposed dosing methods accounting a hydrogen-oxygen optimal ratio suitable for an explosive plasma reaction in the cylinders, increasing engines torque, eliminating/reducing pollutions. Determination of optimal ratios for hydrogen-air mixtures is also discussed. The dosing methods include algorithms for computing termination injection pressures for hydrogen-oxygen/air doses. Different hydrogen-oxygen/air delivery system are described in conjunction with modified dosing methods. The delivery systems are exemplarily connected to hydrogen and oxygen tanks, or to a hydrogen tank and a compressed-air container variously communicating with the ionic dividers.

Claims

1. An apparatus for obtaining mechanical power or torque comprising

an engine unit, including a predetermined number of cylinders coupled with cylinder heads;

ions producing means for dissociating at least hydrogen and oxygen ions from a water body and delivering said hydrogen and oxygen ions;

water supply means at least for supply of said water body;

hydrogen injection means configured for injecting at least said hydrogen ions into said cylinders;

at least oxygen injection means configured for injecting at least said oxygen ions into said cylinders;

controlling means for control of at least the flows of said water body, said hydrogen ions, and said oxygen ions.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein

said ions producing means comprising

a predetermined number of transformers configured to dissociate the water body at least into ions of hydrogen and oxygen by subjecting the water body to thermo-impact caused by combustion products of a combustion reaction taking place in said cylinders, the combustion products having a temperature in a predetermined temperature range, said transformers each substantially disposed in an internal space of each said cylinder heads;

a number of ionic dividers, each configured to separate at least said hydrogen ions and said oxygen ions, said number of ionic dividers each communicated with said predetermined number of transformers, said number of ionic dividers configured to receive at least the hydrogen and oxygen ions from the transformers;

a hydrogen pump means configured to pump at least the hydrogen ions out of said number of ionic dividers; and

an oxygen pump means configured to pump at least the oxygen ions out of said number of ionic dividers.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein

said number of ionic dividers each including two tubular portions joined in the bottom region of the divider, each portion containing a number of electrical conductive rings disposed on the internal walls of the tubular portions substantially parallel and spaced from each other, wherein each ring connected to a voltage terminal and the voltage values applied to the terminals such that a positive potential gradually increasing in one tubular portion collecting negative ions in its top region, and a negative potential gradually increasing in the other tubular portion collecting positive ions in its top region.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising

hydrogen supply means;

and

oxygen-containing supply means.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein

said hydrogen injection means including

a number of hydrogen injection chambers configured to controllably receive a hydrogen flow from at least the hydrogen supply means, and to inject a hydrogen dose into the top region of each said cylinder;

said at least oxygen injection means including

a number of oxygen injection chambers configured to controllably receive at least an oxygen flow from at least the oxygen-containing supply means, and to inject at least an oxygen dose into the top region of each said cylinder.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein

said hydrogen supply means configured to receive at least said hydrogen ions through said hydrogen pump means;

and

said oxygen-containing supply means configured to receive at least said oxygen ions through said oxygen pump means.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein

said hydrogen pump means controllably connected to at least one of said number of hydrogen injection chambers;

and

said oxygen pump means controllably connected to at least one of said number of oxygen injection chambers.

8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein

said hydrogen injection means including

a number of hydrogen injection chambers controllably connected to said hydrogen pump means to receive said hydrogen ions, and configured to inject said hydrogen ions into the top region of each said cylinder;

a number of hydrogen injection chambers controllably connected to said hydrogen supply means and configured to inject a hydrogen dose into the top region of each said cylinder;

said oxygen injection means including

a number of oxygen injection chambers controllably connected to said oxygen pump means to receive said oxygen ions, and configured to inject said oxygen ions into the top region of each said cylinder; and

a number of oxygen injection chambers controllably connected to said oxygen-containing supply means and configured to inject at least an oxygen dose into the top region of each said cylinder.

9. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein

said hydrogen injection means including

a number of hydrogen injection chambers configured to controllably receive a hydrogen body, and controllably inject at least said hydrogen body into the top region of each said cylinder;

said oxygen injection means including

a number of oxygen injection chambers configured to controllably receive at least an oxygen body, and to controllably inject at least said at least an oxygen body into the top region of each said cylinder; and

said engine unit including

a number of exhaust valves communicating the top region of each said cylinder with an inner space of the corresponding cylinder head, wherein the inner space further communicating with one of said number of ionic dividers.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising

at least one of the following:

a cooling means including a cooling liquid being water; and

a lubricating means being water.

11. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein

said hydrogen injection means including

a number of hydrogen injection chambers configured to controllably receive a hydrogen body, and controllably inject at least said hydrogen body into the top region of each said cylinder;

said oxygen injection means including

a number of oxygen injection chambers configured to controllably receive at least an oxygen body, and to controllably inject at least said at least an oxygen body into the top region of each said cylinder; and

said engine unit including

a number of substantially cylindrically shaped solid pistons each slidely disposed in each of said cylinders, the pistons having a predeterminedly shaped concavity on its top base, and having a predetermined height;

the pistons each capable of reciprocating linear movement within the cylinder from a highest position substantially in the top region of the cylinder to a lowest position substantially in the bottom region of the cylinder; and

a number of exhaust valves mounted in the lower region of the cylinder on the cylinder'"'"'s sidewalls predeterminedly above the top base of the piston when situated in its lowest position, communicating the lower region of the cylinder with an inner space of the corresponding cylinder head through a pipe situated outside the cylinder, wherein the inner space further communicating with one of said number of ionic dividers.

12. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein

at least a portion of said number of ionic dividers further comprising an electrolyzer configured to additionally dissociate a gaseous water body received by the ionic dividers from the transformers.

13. A method for obtaining an explosive combustion reaction in an engine between a hydrogen body and at least an oxygen body comprising the acts of

providing an engine unit, including a predetermined number of cylinders;

providing said hydrogen body and said at least an oxygen body;

providing hydrogen injection means configured for receiving and injecting a hydrogen dose, being at least a portion of said hydrogen body, into said cylinders;

providing at least oxygen injection means configured for receiving and injecting at least an oxygen dose, being at least a portion of said at least an oxygen body, into said cylinders;

providing controlling means for control of at least the engine unit, the hydrogen injection means, and the at least oxygen injection means;

the controlling means configured at least to store a dosing algorithm means for at least a computation, actuation, and termination of said hydrogen dose and said at least an oxygen dose;

delivering at least said hydrogen dose to said hydrogen injection means;

delivering at least said at least an oxygen dose to said at least oxygen injection means;

receiving a signal by said controlling means, said signal carrying information about a commencement and a required intenseness of the explosive combustion reaction; and

injecting said hydrogen dose by said hydrogen injection means, and said at least an oxygen dose by said at least oxygen injection means into the cylinders, according to said dosing algorithm means, thereby producing the explosive combustion reaction.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein

said at least an oxygen body being an oxygen body;

said at least an oxygen dose being an oxygen dose;

said at least oxygen injection means being oxygen injection means;

said required intenseness information translated into a required hydrogen dose;

said controlling means configured to form the hydrogen dose corresponding to the required hydrogen dose and according to said dosing algorithm means; and

said controlling means configured to form the oxygen dose corresponding to the hydrogen dose and according to said dosing algorithm means.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein

the method further comprising the acts of

providing dissociation means for dissociating water;

producing a hydrogen ions body by the dissociating means;

producing an oxygen ions body by the dissociating means;

imparting said hydrogen ions body into said hydrogen body; and

imparting said oxygen ions body into said oxygen body.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein

said hydrogen body being a hydrogen atoms body;

said at least an oxygen body being an oxygen atoms body;

said at least a hydrogen dose being a hydrogen atoms dose;

said at least an oxygen dose being an oxygen atoms dose;

said hydrogen injection means being hydrogen atoms injection means configured to receive, contain, and inject the hydrogen atoms dose;

said at least oxygen injection means being oxygen atoms injection means configured to receive, contain, and inject the oxygen atoms dose;

the method further comprising the acts of

providing dissociation means for dissociating water;

producing a hydrogen ions body by the dissociating means;

producing an oxygen ions body by the dissociating means.

providing hydrogen ions injection means configured to receive, contain, and inject a hydrogen ions dose being at least a portion of said hydrogen ions body;

providing oxygen ions injection means configured to receive, contain, and inject an oxygen ions dose being at least a portion of said oxygen ions body;

delivering said hydrogen ions dose to said hydrogen ions injection means;

delivering said oxygen ions dose to said oxygen ions injection means;

injecting said hydrogen ions dose by said hydrogen ions injection means, and said oxygen ions dose by said oxygen ions injection means into the cylinders, according to said dosing algorithm means;

said controlling means configured to form the hydrogen atoms dose and the hydrogen ions dose corresponding to the required hydrogen dose and according to said dosing algorithm means; and

said controlling means configured to form the oxygen atoms dose and the oxygen ions dose corresponding to the hydrogen dose and according to said dosing algorithm means.

17. The method according to claim 13, wherein

said at least an oxygen body being an air body;

said at least an oxygen dose being an air dose;

said at least oxygen injection means being air injection means;

the method further comprising the acts of

providing an air vessel means for containing of said air body;

providing an enrichment oxygen vessel means for containing an enrichment oxygen body;

inletting an enrichment oxygen dose being at least a portion of the enrichment oxygen body from the enrichment oxygen vessel means into the air vessel means, according to said dosing algorithm means;

said required intenseness information translated into a required hydrogen dose;

said controlling means configured to form the hydrogen dose corresponding to the required hydrogen dose and according to said dosing algorithm means;

said controlling means configured to form the air dose corresponding to the hydrogen dose based on a predetermined optimal ratio of the air and hydrogen doses and according to said dosing algorithm means; and

said controlling means configured to control said insetting the enrichment oxygen dose.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising the acts of

providing dissociation means for dissociating water;

producing a hydrogen ions body by the dissociating means;

producing an oxygen ions body by the dissociating means.

imparting said hydrogen ions body into said hydrogen body; and

imparting said oxygen ions body into said air body.