Lithium-ion secondary battery
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Abstract
In one embodiment, an active cathode material comprises a mixture that includes: at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate; and at least one of a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x1)(Mn1−y1A′y1)2−x1Oz1 and an olivine compound represented by an empirical formula of Li(1−x2)A″x2MPO4. In another embodiment, an active cathode material comprises a mixture that includes: a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2-coated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, and Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2; and a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x7)Mn2−y7Oz7. A lithium-ion battery and a battery pack each independently employ a cathode that includes an active cathode material as described above. A method of forming a lithium-ion battery includes the steps of forming an active cathode material as described above; forming a cathode electrode with the active cathode material; and forming an anode electrode in electrical contact with the cathode via an electrolyte. A system comprises a portable electronic device and a battery pack or lithium-ion battery as described above.
110 Citations
81 Claims
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1-56. -56. (canceled)
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57. A lithium-ion battery having a cathode that includes an active cathode material, the active cathode material comprising:
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a) a mixture that includes i) at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate, wherein the lithium cobaltate represented by an empirical formula of Lix6M′
(1−
y6)Co(1−
z6)M″
z6O2 where;
x6 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, y6 is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.1, z6 is equal to or greater than 0 and less than 0.5, M′
is at least one of magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), andM″
is at least one member of the group consisting of manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium,and wherein the lithium nickelate is selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) at least one of a manganate spinel and an olivine compound, wherein the manganate spinel is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x1)(Mn1−
y1A′
y1)2−
x1Oz1 where;
x1 is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or less than 0.3, y1 is greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.3, z1 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.1, and A′
is at least one member of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, cobalt, nickel and chromium,and wherein the olivine compound is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1−
x2)A″
x2MPO4 where;
x2 is equal to or greater than 0.05 and equal to or less than 0.2, or x2 is equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.1, M is at least one member of the group consisting of iron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium, and A″
is at least one member of the group consisting of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, nickel and niobium;
orb) a mixture that includes i) a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x7)Mn2−
y7Oz7 where x7 and y7 are each independently equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 1.0; and
z7 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.2 - View Dependent Claims (58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77)
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78. A method of forming a lithium-ion battery, comprising:
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forming an active cathode material;
forming a cathode electrode with the active cathode material; and
forming an anode electrode in electrical contact with the cathode via an electrolyte, thereby forming a lithium-ion battery, wherein the active cathode material includes a) a mixture that includes i) at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate, wherein the lithium cobaltate represented by an empirical formula of Lix6M′
(1−
y6)CO(1−
z6)M″
z6O2 where;
x6 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, y6 is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.1, z6 is equal to or greater than 0 and less than 0.5, M′
is at least one of magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), andM″
is at least one member of the group consisting of manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium,and wherein the lithium nickelate is selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) at least one of a manganate spinel and an olivine compound, wherein the manganate spinel is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x1)(Mn1−
y1A′
y1)2−
x1Oz1 where;
x1 is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or less than 0.3, y1 is greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.3, z1 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.1, and A′
is at least one member of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, cobalt, nickel and chromium,and wherein the olivine compound is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1−
x2)A″
x2MPO4 where;
x2 is equal to or greater than 0.05 and equal to or less than 0.2, or x2 is equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.1, M is at least one member of the group consisting of iron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium, and A″
is at least one member of the group consisting of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, nickel and niobium;
orb) a mixture that includes i) a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x7)Mn2−
y7Oz7 where x7 and y7 are each independently equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 1.0; and
z7 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.2.
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79. An active cathode material comprising:
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a) a mixture that includes i) at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate, wherein the lithium cobaltate represented by an empirical formula of Lix6M′
(1−
y6)Co(1−
z6)M″
z6O2 where;
x6 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, y6 is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.1, z6 is equal to or greater than 0 and less than 0.5, M′
is at least one of magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), andM″
is at least one member of the group consisting of manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium,and wherein the lithium nickelate is selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) at least one of a manganate spinel and an olivine compound, wherein the manganate spinel is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x1)(Mn1−
y1A′
y1)2−
x1Oz1 where;
x1 is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or less than 0.3, y1 is greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.3, z1 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.1, and A′
is at least one member of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, cobalt, nickel and chromium,and wherein the olivine compound is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1−
x2)A″
x2MPO4 where;
x2 is equal to or greater than 0.05 and equal to or less than 0.2, or x2 is equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.1, M is at least one member of the group consisting of iron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium, and A″
is at least one member of the group consisting of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, nickel and niobium;
orb) a mixture that includes i) a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x7)Mn2−
y7Oz7 where x7 and y7 are each independently equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 1.0; and
z7 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.2.
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80. A battery pack comprising a plurality of cells, wherein each of the cells includes an active cathode material that includes:
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a) a mixture that includes i) at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate, wherein the lithium cobaltate represented by an empirical formula of Lix6M′
(1−
y6)CO(1−
z6)M″
z6O2 where;
x6 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, y6 is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.1, z6 is equal to or greater than 0 and less than 0.5, M′
is at least one of magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), andM″
is at least one member of the group consisting of manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium,and wherein the lithium nickelate is selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) at least one of a manganate spinel and an olivine compound, wherein the manganate spinel is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x1)(Mn1−
y1A′
y1)2−
x1Oz1 where;
x1 is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or less than 0.3, y1 is greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.3, z1 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.1, and A′
is at least one member of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, cobalt, nickel and chromium,and wherein the olivine compound is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1−
x2)A″
x2MPO4 where;
x2 is equal to or greater than 0.05 and equal to or less than 0.2, or x2 is equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.1, M is at least one member of the group consisting of iron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium, and A″
is at least one member of the group consisting of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, nickel and niobium;
orb) a mixture that includes i) a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x7)Mn2−
y7Oz7 where x7 and y7 are each independently equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 1.0; and
z7 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.2.
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81. A system comprising a portable electronic device and a battery pack that includes a plurality of cells, wherein each of the cells includes an active cathode material that includes:
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a) a mixture that includes i) at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate, wherein the lithium cobaltate represented by an empirical formula of Lix6M′
(1−
y6)Co(1−
z6)M″
z6O2 where;
x6 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, y6 is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.1, z6 is equal to or greater than 0 and less than 0.5, M′
is at least one of magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), andM″
is at least one member of the group consisting of manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium,and wherein the lithium nickelate is selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) at least one of a manganate spinel and an olivine compound, wherein the manganate spinel is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x1)(Mn1−
y1A′
y1)2−
x1Oz1 where;
x1 is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or less than 0.3, y1 is greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.3, z1 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.1, and A′
is at least one member of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, cobalt, nickel and chromium,and wherein the olivine compound is represented by an empirical formula of Li(1−
x2)A″
x2MPO4 where;
x2 is equal to or greater than 0.05 and equal to or less than 0.2, or x2 is equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 0.1, M is at least one member of the group consisting of iron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium, and A″
is at least one member of the group consisting of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, nickel and niobium;
orb) a mixture that includes i) a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2;
a lithium nickelate that includes at least one Li atom modifier selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
a lithium nickelate represented by an empirical formula of Lix3Ni(1−
z3)M′
z3O2 coated with LiCoO2 as a gradient coating or a spot-wise coating where;
x3 is greater than 0.05 and less than 1.2, z3 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and M′
is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, aluminum, boron, titanium, magnesium, calcium and strontium; and
ii) a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li(1+x7)Mn2−
y7Oz7 where x7 and y7 are each independently equal to or greater than 0.0 and equal to or less than 1.0; and
z7 is equal to or greater than 3.9 and equal to or less than 4.2.
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Specification