BENZIMIDAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVES AS MUSCARINIC AGENTS

• US 20080009520A1
• Filed: 09/20/2007
• Published: 01/10/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/2001
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Original Assignee: Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Inventors: Kelly, Nicholas, Koch, Kristian, Tolf, Bo-Ragnar
• Application Number:
  US11/858,828
• Publication Number:
  US 20080009520A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 514/321
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/404 Indoles, e.g. pindolol
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/4164 1,3-Diazoles
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/421 1,3-Oxazoles, e.g. pemoline, trimethadione
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/426 1,3-Thiazoles
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/445 Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/00 Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/14 for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/16 Anti-Parkinson drugs
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/18 Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/20 Hypnotics; Sedatives
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/24 Antidepressants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/28 for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 27/00 Drugs for disorders of the senses
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 27/06 Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 209/08 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 209/34 in position 2
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 209/38 in positions 2 and 3, e.g. isatin
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 235/26 Oxygen atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 263/58 with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 277/68 : with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 401/06 : linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 413/06 : linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 417/06 : linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 451/02 : containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof

Abstract

Benzimidazolidinone derivative compounds, which increase acetylcholine signaling or effect in the brain, and highly selective muscarinic agonists, particularly for the M₁ and/or M₄ receptor subtypes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, as well as methods of treating psychosis using these compounds are disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of treating mental disease or disorder in a mammal comprising identifying a mammal in need thereof and administering at least one compound of Formula I to said mammal:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein;

X is selected from the group consisting of CH, O, N and S;

Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;

Y is selected from the group consisting of ═

O, ═

NH and ═

S or tautomers thereof;

-SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —

(CR⁶R⁷)_n-A- and —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

A is absent or an optionally substituted —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl;

N together with R¹ and R² form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,

wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R⁴ selected from the group consisting of halogen, C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl, C_2-8-alkynyl, C_1-6-alkyloxyimino, and C_1-6-alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵,

and wherein at least one of said substituents R⁴ is R⁴′

selected from the group consisting of C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_3-8-heterocyclyl, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl and C_2-8-alkynyl;

R^X may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, CH₂—

N(R⁵)(R⁵), CH₂—

OR⁵, CH₂—

SR⁵, and CH₂—

O—

C(═

O)R⁵;

R³ may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl; and

each R⁶ and each R⁷ is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mental disorder is selected from the group consisting of cognitive impairment, forgetfulness, confusion, memory loss, attentional deficits, deficits in visual perception, depression, sleep disorders, and psychosis.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mental disorder is selected from the group consisting of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer'"'"'s disease, Parkinson'"'"'s disease, schizophrenia, Huntington'"'"'s chorea, Friederich'"'"'s ataxia, Gilles de la Tourette'"'"'s Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Pick disease, dementia, clinical depression, age-related cognitive decline, attention-deficit disorder, and sudden infant death syndrome.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein Z is N.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of N, S, and O.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein —

Y is ═

O.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein R4′

is selected from the group consisting of C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of C_3-8-alkyl, C_3-8-alkoxy, and C_3-8-alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵ wherein R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy and C_1-8-alkyl.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted butyl, an optionally substituted pentyl, an optionally substituted propyloxy, and 3-(C_1-8-alkyl)-butylidene.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,

1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one, and

1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and

3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.

12. A method of treating a disease or disorder associated with increased intraocular pressure in a mammal comprising identifying a mammal in need thereof and administering at least one compound of Formula I to said mammal:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein;

X is selected from the group consisting of C, O, N and S;

Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;

Y is selected from the group consisting of ═

O, ═

N and ═

S or tautomers thereof;

-SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —

(CR⁶R⁷)_n-A- and —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

A is absent or an optionally substituted —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl;

N together with R¹ and R² form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,

wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R⁴ selected from the group consisting of halogen, C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl, C_2-8-alkynyl, C_1-6-alkyloxyimino, and C_1-6-alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵,

and wherein at least one of said substituents R⁴ is R⁴′

selected from the group consisting of C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_3-8-heterocyclyl, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl and C_2-8-alkynyl;

R^X may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, CH₂—

N(R⁵)(R⁵), CH₂—

OR⁵, CH₂—

SR⁵, and CH₂—

O—

C(═

O)R⁵;

R³ may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl; and

each R⁶ and each R⁷ is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,

1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one, and

1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and

3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.

15. A method of increasing an activity of a cholinergic receptor comprising contacting the cholinergic receptor or a system containing the cholinergic receptor with an effective amount of at least one compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein;

X is selected from the group consisting of C, O, N and S;

Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;

Y is selected from the group consisting of ═

O, ═

N and ═

S or tautomers thereof;

-SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —

(CR⁶R⁷)_n-A- and —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

A is absent or an optionally substituted —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl;

N together with R¹ and R² form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,

wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R⁴ selected from the group consisting of halogen, C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl, C_2-8-alkynyl, C_1-6-alkyloxyimino, and C_1-6-alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵,

and wherein at least one of said substituents R⁴ is R⁴′

selected from the group consisting of C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_3-8-heterocyclyl, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl and C_2-8-alkynyl;

R^X may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, CH₂—

N(R⁵)(R⁵), CH₂—

OR⁵, CH₂—

SR⁵, and CH₂—

O—

C(═

O)R⁵;

R³ may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl; and

each R⁶ and each R⁷ is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,

1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one, and

1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and

3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the compound is a cholinergic agonist.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the compound is selective for one or both of a M₁ and M₄ muscarinic receptor subtypes.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the compound further acts as a D₂ antagonist or D₂ inverse agonist.

21. A method of treating pain in a mammal, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula I to said mammal:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein;

X is selected from the group consisting of C, O, N and S;

Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;

Y is selected from the group consisting of ═

O, ═

N and ═

S or tautomers thereof;

-SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —

(CR⁶R⁷)_n-A- and —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

A is absent or an optionally substituted —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl;

N together with R¹ and R² form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,

wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R⁴ selected from the group consisting of halogen, C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl, C_2-8-alkynyl, C_1-6-alkyloxyimino, and C_1-6-alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵,

and wherein at least one of said substituents R⁴ is R⁴′

selected from the group consisting of C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_3-8-heterocyclyl, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl and C_2-8-alkynyl;

R^X may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, CH₂—

N(R⁵)(R⁵), CH₂—

OR⁵, CH₂—

SR⁵, and CH₂—

O—

C(═

O)R⁵;

R³ may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl; and

each R⁶ and each R⁷ is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,

1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one, and

1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and

3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.

24. A method of modulating the progression or formation of amyloid plaques in an individual susceptible to or affected by Alzheimer'"'"'s Disease, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, said effective amount sufficient to modulate amyloid precursor protein processing:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein;

X is selected from the group consisting of C, O, N and S;

Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;

Y is selected from the group consisting of ═

O, ═

N and ═

S or tautomers thereof;

-SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —

(CR⁶R⁷)_n-A- and —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

A is absent or an optionally substituted —

C_3-8-cycloalkyl;

N together with R¹ and R² form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,

wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R⁴ selected from the group consisting of halogen, C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl, C_2-8-alkynyl, C_1-6-alkyloxyimino, and C_1-6-alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵,

and wherein at least one of said substituents R⁴ is R⁴′

selected from the group consisting of C_1-8-alkyl, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R⁵;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, C_3-8-cycloalkyl, C_3-8-heterocyclyl, C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8-alkylidene, C_2-8-alkenyl and C_2-8-alkynyl;

R^X may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, CH₂—

N(R⁵)(R⁵), CH₂—

OR⁵, CH₂—

SR⁵, and CH₂—

O—

C(═

O)R⁵;

R³ may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl; and

each R⁶ and each R⁷ is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkyl, C_1-8-alkoxy, optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylidene, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkenyl, optionally substituted C_2-8-alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C_3-8-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C_3-8-heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C_1-8-alkylcarbonyl.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of:

1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,

1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,

1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,

1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,

1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,

3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and

3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.