TYPELESS REPRESENTATION OF ALPHANUMERIC SYMBOLS

• US 20080018507A1
• Filed: 03/01/2007
• Published: 01/24/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 07/21/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cap Epsilon, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Cap Epsilon, Inc.
• Inventors: Maluf, David A., Schipper, John F.
• Granted Patent: US 7,924,182 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 341/55
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 7/04 the radix thereof being two
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 7/24 Conversion to or from floating-point codes

Abstract

Method and system for representing a strong of alpha characters, numeral characters and/or delimiters that allows uniform searching procedures, whether or not numerals and/or delimiters are present in the string. Numerical sub strings, containing only numerals and delimiters, are re characterized in binary format and are separated from, and later recombined with, sub strings containing only alpha characters and delimiters, to provide a modified searchable string in binary format Floating point numbers are easily handled in this approach. Delimiters may be any subset of ASCII characters, as distinguished from numerals and from alpha characters. A numeral character, to be transmitted as a sequence of bits, is optimized by expression in a base (power of 2) requiring the smallest bit count.

Claims

1. A method for representing a string S(total) of alpha characters, numeral characters and delimiters, the method comprising providing a computer that is programmed:

to receive or provide an ordered sequence of characters representing a string S(total) of characters, including at least one of an alpha character and a numeral character;

to identify and represent from S(total), in ASCII format, each maximum length sub string of alpha characters AC(n), number n=1, . . . , N (N≧

1), with corresponding alpha character sub-string length LA(n) in binary format;

to identify each numerical sub-string NS(m), numbered m=1, . . . , M (M≧

1), within S(total) that contains only numerals and delimiters, where no alpha character sub-string AC(n) and no numerical sub string NS(m) have any characters in common;

to identify a set DS of all distinct delimiters that appear in at least one of the numerical sub-strings NS(m) and a number of elements of the set DS;

to identify, for each m, −

1, . . . , M, a set DS(m) of all delimiters belonging to DS, numbered d(m′

;

m) (m′

=1, . . . , DP(m)), in the set {NS(m)}_m of numerical sub strings, no including a null delimiter ND0, where DP(m), for each f m=1, . . . , M and where the set DS(m) consists of the null delimiter ND0 when no delimiter occurs within the numerical sub-string NS(m);

to remove all delimiters from each numerical sub-string NS(m) to provide a corresponding numeral sub string NSS(m), and to represent each numeral sub string NSS(m), having a length LN(m) in decimal format, and having a corresponding length LN1(m)=−

int{log₂(I.N(m)))} in binary format, for each m;

to provide a length LN2(m)=−

int{log₂(I.N(m)+1))} in binary format required to represent LN)m)+1 delimiter locations in binary format, for each m;

to identify a numerical position or location, numbered NSDP(m′

;

m) (m′

−

1), . . . , DP(m)), in the numeral sub-string NSS(m) where a delimiter occurs, for each m,

to provide a first ordered array Arr1(m)=NSS(m)/(null)/{{delimiter position NSDP(m′

;

m), delimiter no. d(m′

;

m)}|m′

=1, . . . , DP(m)}, for each numeral sub-string NSS(m), where the first ordered array for a value m consists of only the null delimiter ND0 when no delimiter occurs within the numerical sub string NS(m), for each m, and (null) is a distinguishable group of one or more characters expressed in binary format; and

to represent S(total) as a second ordered array Arr2=AC(m=1)/(null)/Arr1(m=1)/(null)/AC(m=2)/(null)/Arr1(m=2)/(null)/. . . /(null)/Arr1(m=M)/(null)/AC(m=M+1).

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising choosing at least one of said alpha character sub-string AC(m=1) and AC(m=M+1) to be an empty set.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising representing said first array Arr1(m) as a binary sequence of length LN1(m)+{LN2(m)+D1}DP1(m)+(null bits), where DP1(m)=−

int{log₂(1/DP(m)}.

4. A method for representing a string S(total) of alpha characters, numeral characters and delimiters, the method comprising providing a computer that is programmed;

to receive or provide an ordered sequence of characters representing a string S(total) of characters, including at least one of an alpha character and a numeral character;

to identify and represent from S(total) in ASCII format, each maximum length sub string of alpha characters AC(m), numbered n=1, . . . , N (N≧

1), with corresponding alpha character sub string length LA(n) in binary format;

to identify each numerical sub string NS(m), numbered m=1, . . . , M (M≧

1), within S(total) that contains only numerals and delimiters, where no alpha character sub-string AC(n) and no numerical sub-string NS(m) have any characters in common;

to identify a set DS of all distinct delimiters that appear in at least one of the numerical sub-strings NS(m) and a number of elements of the set DS;

to identify, for each m,=1, . . . , M, a set DS(m) of all delimiters, numbered d(m′

;

m) (m′

=1, . . . , DP(m)), in the set {NS(m)}_m of numerical sub strings, not including a null delimiter ND0, where DP (m) is the number of delimiters that appear in the numerical sub-string NS(m), for each of m=1, . . . , M, where the set DS(m) consists of the null delimiter ND0 when no delimiter occurs within the numerical sub-string NS(m);

to remove all delimiters from each numerical sub string NS(m) to provide a corresponding numeral sub string NSS(m), and to represent each numeral sub-string NSS(m), having a length LN(m) in decimal format, and having a corresponding length LN1(m)=−

int{log₂1/LN(m)))} in binary format, for each m;

to provide a length LN2(m)=−

int{log₂(1/(LN(m)+1))} in binary format required to represent LN(m)+1 delimiter locations in binary format, for each m;

to identify a numerical position or location, numbered NSDP(m′

(m) (m′

=1, . . . ,DP(m)), in the numeral sub string NSS(m) where a delimiter occurs, for each m;

to provide a first ordered array Arr1(m)=NSS(m)/{delimiter position NSDP(m′

;

m) plus delimiter no. d(m′

;

m) ε

DS(m)|m′

=1, . . . , DP(m)}. for each numeral sub string NSS(m), where the first ordered array for a value m consists of only the null delimiter ND0 when no delimiter occurs within the numerical sub string NS(m), for each m.; and

to represent S(total) as a second ordered array Arr2′

=AC(m=1)/Arr1′

(m=1)/AC(m=2)/Arr1′

(m=2)/ . . . /Arr1′

(m=M)/AC(m=M+1).

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising choosing at least one of said alpha character sub-string AC(m=1) and AC(m=M+1) to be an empty set.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising representing said first array Arr1(m) as a binary sequence of length LN1(m)+|LN2(m)+D1}DP1(m), where DP1(m)=−

int{log₂(1/DP(m))}.

7. A method for electronically transmitting a numeral, expressed in binary format, the method comprising:

receiving a numeral string S* . expressed in binary format as an ordered sequence of D binary digits (“

bits”

), that is to be transmitted electronically to a location spaced apart from where the numeral string is received;

expressing S* as a numeral string S in terms of a base q=2^P. where p is a positive integer, a negative integer or zero;

expressing a magnitude M(S) of the numeral string S in at least one of the formats;

M1(S)=2′

^B1hd 1(S)=2^b1{1, a₁ a₂ . . . a_N}.

and

M2(S)=2^b1+1f₂(S)=2^b1+1{0.1 a′

₁ a′

₂ . . . , a′

_N},

where 1≦

1₁(S)<

2 and 0.5≦

f₂(S)<

1, and a′

_n are binary numerals (0 or

     1) satisfying a<sub>n=a′

n;

1</sub>)n=1, . . . , N), and satisfying a₁ a′

_a+1=0(n≦

N), and where a magnitude exponent b1 is chosen from among a set of integers including b1=pm+r, with a base exponent p≧

5 and m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . , p 1 and 0≦

r≦

p 1;

where the magnitude of S can be expressed in the format M1(S), with base exponent p, and m in the format M2(S), with base exponent p 1, for each of m=0, . . . , p·

1 r=m, m+1, . . . , p−

1, transmitting the magnitude of S in the format M1(S); and

where the magnitude of S can be expressed in the format M1(S), with base exponent p, and in the format M2(S), with base exponent p+1, and m and r do not simultaneously satisfy m=0, . . . , p 1 and r=m, m+1 . . . p 1, transmitting the magnitude of S in the format M1(S) or M2(S).

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

receiving a numeral string S1, expressed in decimal format as an ordered sequence of D* decimal digits;

converting the numeral string S1 to a binary format numeral S2, where S2 is expressed as an ordered sequence of D bits, and where D=−

int{log(1D*)}, and

providing S2 as said numeral string S*. expressed in binary format.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

choosing said base exponent p=5;

transmitting said magnitude of S in said format M1(S), where said magnitude exponent b1 satisfies b1=00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 06, 07, 08, 09, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, or 24; and

transmitting said magnitude of S in said format M1(S) or M2)S), where said magnitude exponent b1 is not one of the integers 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 06, 07, 08, 09, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, or 24.

10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

choosing said base exponent p−

6;

transmitting said magnitude of S in said format M1(S), where said magnitude exponent b1 satisfies b1=00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29 or 35; and

transmitting said magnitude of S in said format M1(S) or M2(S), where said magnitude exponent b1 is not one of the integers 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29 or 35.

11. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

choosing said base exponent p=7;

transmitting said magnitude of S in said format M1(S), where said magnitude exponent b1 satisfies b1=integers 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41 or 48; and

transmitting said magnitude of S in said format M1(S) or M2(S), where said magnitude exponent b1 is not one of the integers 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41 or 48.