Strip electrode with conductive nano tube printing
First Claim
1. An electrochemical test device for determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in an aqueous fluid sample, the electrochemical test device comprising:
- (a) one or more substrates comprising a non-conductive surface;
(b) a working electrode disposed on the surface of one of the one or more substrates and including a first electrode area comprising a conductive electrochemical reaction surface including a plurality of carbon nanotubes;
(c) a counter electrode disposed on the surface of one of the one or more substrates and including a second electrode area comprising a conductive film;
(d) a reference electrode disposed on the surface of one of the one or more substrates and including a second electrode area comprising a conductive film, and wherein at least a portion of the third electrode area comprises a reference material; and
(e) a reagent capable of reacting with the analyte to produce a measurable electrical effect which can be correlated to the presence or concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample, the reagent disposed in operative association with the first electrode area of the working electrode.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A sensor system that detects a current representative of a compound in a liquid mixture features a multi or three electrode strip adapted for releasable attachment to signal readout circuitry. The strip comprises an elongated support which is preferably flat adapted for releasable attachment to the readout circuitry; a first conductor and a second and a third conductor each extend along the support and comprise means for connection to the circuitry. The circuit is formed with single-walled or multi walled nanotubes conductive traces and may be formed from multiple layers or dispersions containing, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotubes/antimony tin oxide, carbon nanotubes/platinum, or carbon nanotubes/silver or carbon nanotubes/silver-chloride. An active electrode formed from a separate conductive carbon nanotubes layer or suitable dispersion, positioned to contact the liquid mixture and the first conductor, comprises a deposit of an enzyme capable of catalyzing a reaction involving the compound and preferably an electron mediator, capable of transferring electrons between the enzyme-catalyzed reaction and the first conductor. A reference electrode also formed from a conductive carbon nanotube layer or suitable dispersion is positioned to contact the mixture and the second conductor. The system includes circuitry adapted to provide an electrical signal representative of the current which is formed from printing conductive inks made with nano size particles such as conductive carbon or carbon/platinum or carbon/silver, or carbon nanotubes/antimony tin oxide to form a conductive carbon nanotube layers. The multiple-electrode strip is manufactured, by then applying the enzyme and preferably the mediator onto the electrode. Alternatively the electrode can have a carbon nanotubes/antimony tin oxide, carbon nanotubes/platinum, or carbon nanotubes/silver or carbon nanotubes/silver-chloride surface and or a conductive carbon or silver ink surface connecting leg. The carbon nanotube solution is first coated and patterned into electro shapes and the conductive carbon nanotubes, carbon or silver ink can be attached by printing the ink to interface with the carbon nanotube electro surface. A platinum electrode test strip is also disclosed that is formed from either nano platinum distributed in the carbon nanotube layer or by application or incorporation of platinum to the carbon nanotube conductive ink.
28 Citations
45 Claims
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1. An electrochemical test device for determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in an aqueous fluid sample, the electrochemical test device comprising:
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(a) one or more substrates comprising a non-conductive surface;
(b) a working electrode disposed on the surface of one of the one or more substrates and including a first electrode area comprising a conductive electrochemical reaction surface including a plurality of carbon nanotubes;
(c) a counter electrode disposed on the surface of one of the one or more substrates and including a second electrode area comprising a conductive film;
(d) a reference electrode disposed on the surface of one of the one or more substrates and including a second electrode area comprising a conductive film, and wherein at least a portion of the third electrode area comprises a reference material; and
(e) a reagent capable of reacting with the analyte to produce a measurable electrical effect which can be correlated to the presence or concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample, the reagent disposed in operative association with the first electrode area of the working electrode. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. An electrochemical test device for determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in an aqueous fluid sample, the electrochemical test device comprising:
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(a) at least one substrate, the substrate comprising a non-conductive surface;
(b) a working electrode comprising a conductive film affixed to the non-conductive substrate surface, the working electrode having a first electrode area made by coating a liquid dispersion containing carbon nanotubes with a size greater than 20 nm with a surface morphology less than 0.33 microns RMS, a first lead and a first contact pad;
(c) a counter electrode comprising a conductive film affixed to the non-conductive substrate surface, the counter electrode having a second electrode area, a second lead and a second contact pad;
(d) a reagent capable of reacting with the analyte to produce a measurable electrical effect which can be correlated to the presence or concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample, the reagent disposed in association with at least a portion of the first electrode area of the working electrode; and
wherein the conductive film of at least one of the working electrode and the counter electrode includes a first conductive material comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes less than 20 nm in diameter; and
wherein at least one of the conductive films includes platinum.
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14. An electrochemical test device for determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in an aqueous fluid sample, the electrochemical test device comprising:
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(a) at least one substrate, the substrate comprising a non-conductive surface;
(b) a working electrode comprising a conductive film affixed to the non-conductive substrate surface, the working electrode having a first electrode area made by coating a liquid dispersion containing carbon nanotubes with a size greater than 20 nm with a surface morphology less than 0.33 microns RMS with a surface morphology less than 0.33 microns RMS, a first lead and a first contact pad;
(c) a counter electrode comprising a conductive film affixed to the non-conductive substrate surface, the counter electrode having a second electrode area, a second lead and a second contact pad;
(d) a reagent capable of reacting with the analyte to produce a measurable electrical effect which can be correlated to the presence or concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample, the reagent disposed in association with at least a portion of the first electrode area of the working electrode; and
wherein the conductive film of at least one of the working electrode and the counter electrode includes a first conductive material comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes; and
wherein the leads of at least one of the working electrode and the counter electrode are formed from a second conductive material which includes a coarse solid conductive material.
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15. An electrochemical test device for determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in an aqueous fluid sample, the determination occurring in operative association with measurement circuitry including a metering device;
- the electrochemical test device comprising;
(a) one or more substrates, each substrate comprising a non-conductive surface;
(b) a working electrode disposed over at least the surface of one of the one or more substrates, the working electrode including;
(i) a first electrode portion including a conductive layer comprising a dispersion of a plurality of carbon nanotubes, the layer configured to provide effective transfer of charge in an electrochemical reaction in a communicating aqueous fluid sample;
(ii) a first conductive lead portion contacting and extending from the first electrode portion and configured to contact the measurement circuitry so as to communicate an electrical signal between the first electrode portion and the metering device, (c) a counter electrode disposed over at least the surface of one of the one or more substrates, the counter electrode including a conductive second electrode portion and a second conductive lead portion extending from the second electrode portion, the second lead portion configured to contact the measurement circuitry so as to communicate an electrical signal between the second electrode portion and the metering device; and
(d) a reagent material disposed in association with the working electrode, the reagent material capable of reacting with the analyte to produce a measurable electrochemical effect which can be correlated to the presence or concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample; and
wherein the working electrode, the counter electrode and the one or more substrates are collectively arranged to form a region configured to position the aqueous fluid sample in communication with the reagent material, the working electrode and the counter electrode. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 44)
- the electrochemical test device comprising;
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31. An electrochemical electrode structure for a test device for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a fluid sample, comprising:
- a plurality of layers disposed upon a substrate having a non-conductive substrate surface, each successive layer being at least partially superimposed upon at least one under-disposed layer, including;
(a) an elongate trace layer comprising a first conductive material, configured to provide a conduction path permitting transmission of an electrical signal along the conduction path;
(b) an active electrode layer comprising a dispersion of conductive carbon nanotubes, the active electrode layer including an electrochemical reaction surface configured to provide effective transfer of charge through the carbon nanotubes of the dispersion in an electrochemical reaction in communication with the fluid sample; and
(c) an reagent layer comprising at least one enzyme capable of reacting with the analyte to produce an electrochemically measurable electrical effect which can be correlated to the presence or concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45)
- a plurality of layers disposed upon a substrate having a non-conductive substrate surface, each successive layer being at least partially superimposed upon at least one under-disposed layer, including;
Specification