Method for Recognising Hot Targets on the Earth

• US 20080027649A1
• Filed: 11/11/2005
• Published: 01/31/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Deutsches Zentrum Fã¼R Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V.
• Original Assignee: Deutsches Zentrum Fã¼R Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V.
• Inventors: Herbert, Jahn, Terzibaschian, Thomas, Oertel, Dieter, Halle, Winfried, Zhukov, Boris, Venus, Holger, Baerwald, Wolfgang, Lorenz, Eckehard
• Granted Patent: US 7,480,572 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 702/5
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 8/00 Prospecting or detecting by optical means
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/12 Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions

Abstract

A method for detecting a hot target on the Earth by a satellite is disclosed. The satellite includes a sensor for acquiring data in spectral channels in the IR spectrum, and a navigation system for detecting position and orientation data of the satellite. The method includes the steps of subjecting the acquired data to a system correction by radiometric and geometric calibration files stored on the satellite; detecting a hot target on board from the system-corrected data by multi-channel thresholding; geo-referencing the hot target by the position and orientation data of the satellite and the geometric calibration files; temporarily storing the geo-referenced hot target on the satellite; and transmitting the temporarily stored hot target by a transmitting unit to a receiving unit on the Earth.

Claims

1-10. -10. (canceled)

11. A method for detecting a hot target on the Earth by means of a satellite, the satellite comprising a sensor for acquiring data in various spectral channels in the IR (infrared) spectrum, an on-board navigation system for detecting position and orientation data of the satellite, and a transmitting unit for transmitting data to a receiving unit on the Earth, the method comprising the steps of:

acquiring, by the sensor of the satellite, data related to a surface of the Earth in the various spectral channels;

subjecting the acquired data to a system correction using radiometric and geometric calibration files stored on the satellite;

detecting a hot target on board the satellite from the system-corrected data using multi-channel thresholding;

geo-referencing the detected hot target on the basis of the position and orientation data of the satellite and the geometric calibration files;

temporarily storing the geo-referenced detected hot target on the satellite;

transmitting the temporarily stored hot target by the transmitting unit; and

receiving, demodulating, decoding and graphically displaying the transmitted hot target in the receiving unit, the receiving unit integrating geographic longitude and latitude of an instantaneous location of the receiving unit into the graphic display of the transmitted hot target.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said step of acquiring comprises acquiring data in MIR (mid-infrared), TIR (thermal infrared), and VNIR (visible near-infrared) spectral channels.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein

the MIR spectral channel is in a spectral range of 3-5 μ

m;

the TIR spectral channel is in a spectral range of 8-13 μ

m; and

the VNIR spectral channel is in a spectral range of 0.4-1.0 μ

m.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein

the MIR spectral channel is in a spectral range of 3.5-4.2 μ

m;

the TIR spectral channel is in a spectral range of 8.5-9.3 μ

m; and

the VNIR spectral channel is in a spectral range of 0.5-0.7 μ

m.

15. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of assigning a detection time stamp to the detected hot target.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein said step of detecting a hot target comprises:

detecting hot spots by an adaptive MIR thresholding, where fire-free pixels with a MIR radiance below a threshold value are rejected according to a moving window algorithm for detection of hot spots in the MIR channel image data by calculation of a median g^MIR_med and a deviation;

$\begin{array}{cc}{d}^{\mathrm{MIR}}=\frac{1}{N}<br><br>\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br><br><br>g_i^{\mathrm{MIR}}-g_{\mathrm{med}}^{\mathrm{MIR}}<br><br>& \left(M<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>1\right)\end{array}$

for each moving window box of MIR images, where N is the number of pixels in the box, g^MIR_i are their radiance signals; and

a pixel is identified as a hot spot when;

g_l^MIR>

g_med^MIR+Δ

g^MIR, 

 

(M2)

where the threshold value Δ

g^MIR above the median g^MIR_med is adapted to and proportional to the deviation d^MIR;

Δ

g^MIR=Δ

^MIR·

d^MIR, 

 

(M3)

with the parameter α

^MIR, selected under the condition that a combined MIR/VNIR-radiance ratio threshold value is used later for false-alarm rejection; and

performing three successive processing procedures for each hot target as obtained in the preceding step of detecting, where both fixed and adaptive thresholding operations with their radiometric data in the TIR channel in combination with a thresholding operation using a ratio of radiometric data in the MIR channel to radiometric data in the VNIR channel are provided, wherein these processing procedures comprise the following sub-steps of;

fixed thresholding in the TIR, where, in order to exclude cloud pixels, the radiation temperature calculated from the system-corrected sensor data for all of the hot targets must exceed a radiance corresponding to a threshold temperature;

applying an adaptive MIR/VNIR ratio threshold thres_MIR/VNIR to all remaining hot targets, which leads to the result that all of the hot targets with a MIR/VNIR channel radiance ratio below thres_MIR/VNIR are filtered out as false alarms; and

in a moving window procedure, subjecting all remaining hot targets by adaptive TIR thresholding to an adaptive TIR thresholding operation, where fire-free false-alarm pixels with a TIR radiance below a threshold (determined by calculation of a median g^TIR_med and a deviation;

$\begin{array}{cc}{d}^{\mathrm{TIR}}=\frac{1}{N}<br><br>\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br><br><br>g_i^{\mathrm{TIR}}-g_{\mathrm{med}}^{\mathrm{TIR}}<br><br>& \left(T<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>1\right)\end{array}$

for each moving window box of the TIR image) are rejected, where N is the number of pixels in the box;

g^TIR_i are their radiance signals; and

a pixel is identified as a hot spot when

g_l^TIR>

g_med^TIR+Δ

g^TIR, 

 

(T2)

where the threshold Δ

g^TIR above the median is selected so that additional rejection of small hot targets is avoided.

17. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of obtaining an intensity of the hot target by an estimate of a radiant power of the hot target from a signal of the MIR spectral channel.

18. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of determining an effective temperature and an effective area of the hot target, and calculating a radiant power of the hot target from the determined effective temperature and the effective area of the hot target.

19. A satellite for detecting a hot target on the Earth, comprising:

a sensor for acquiring data from a surface of the Earth in various spectral channels in the IR spectrum;

on-board radiometric and geometric calibration files;

an on-board navigation system for detecting position and orientation data of the satellite;

an on-board evaluation unit connected to the sensor, the radiometric and geometric calibration files, and the navigation system;

a mass storage device connected to the evaluation unit; and

a transmitting unit connected to the mass storage device,

wherein the evaluation unit is configured to perform a system correction of the acquired data using the radiometric and geometric calibration files, to detect a hot target on board from the system-corrected data by multi-channel thresholding, and to geo-reference the detected hot target on the basis of the position and orientation data of the satellite and the geometric calibration files,

wherein the mass storage device is configured to temporarily store the geo-referenced detected hot target, and

wherein the transmitting unit is configured to transmit in succession the temporarily stored hot target as a modulated HF signal to the Earth.

20. A receiving unit for receiving data from a satellite, the receiving unit comprising:

a portable GPS receiver;

a HF receiver for receiving HF signals of the satellite indicating detection of a hot target on a surface of the Earth;

a decoder for decoding HF signals received by the HF receiver; and

an interface for a digital map software of the GPS receiver.