Systems and Methods for Watermarking Software and Other Media

• US 20080028474A1
• Filed: 04/19/2007
• Published: 01/31/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/1999
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intertrust Technologies Corporation (Fidelio Acquisition Co LLC)
• Original Assignee: Intertrust Technologies Corporation (Fidelio Acquisition Co LLC)
• Inventors: Wright, Andrew, Sibert, W., Matheson, Lesley, Horne, William, Horning, James, Tarjan, Robert, Maheshwari, Umesh, Owicki, Susan
• Granted Patent: US 7,770,016 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 726/27
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/3604 Software analysis for verifying properties of programs byte-code verification G06F9/44589
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/245 Query processing
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/16 Program or content traceability, e.g. by watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06N 7/01 Probabilistic graphical models, e.g. probabilistic networks
• CPC Class Codes: G09C 5/00 Ciphering apparatus or methods not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. involving the concealment or deformation of graphic data such as designs, written or printed messages
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 1/00 Secret communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 1/02 by adding a second signal to make the desired signal unintelligible
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/608 Watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3226 using a predetermined code, e.g. password, passphrase or PIN network architectures or network communication protocols for supporting authentication of entities using passwords in a packet data network H04L63/083
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 involving digital signatures

Abstract

Systems and methods are disclosed for embedding information in software and/or other electronic content such that the information is difficult for an unauthorized party to detect, remove, insert, forge, and/or corrupt. The embedded information can be used to protect electronic content by identifying the content'"'"'s source, thus enabling unauthorized copies or derivatives to be reliably traced, and thus facilitating effective legal recourse by the content owner. Systems and methods are also disclosed for protecting, detecting, removing, and decoding information embedded in electronic content, and for using the embedded information to protect software or other media from unauthorized analysis, attack, and/or modification.

Claims

1-44. -44. (canceled)

45. A method for watermarking computer code, the method comprising:

inserting one or more encrypted marks into the computer code, each of the one or more encrypted marks being formed by

creating a copy of a mark;

combining extra information with the copy of the mark to create a modified mark; and

encrypting the modified mark to create one of the one or more encrypted marks.

46. A method as in claim 45, wherein the extra information is randomly generated.

47. A method as in claim 45, wherein a plurality of encrypted marks are inserted into the computer code.

48. A method as in claim 47, wherein each encrypted mark in the plurality of encrypted marks differs from any of the other encrypted marks in the plurality of encrypted marks.

49. A method as in claim 47, wherein extra information combined with a copy of the mark differs from extra information combined with any other copy of the mark.

50. A method as in claim 45, wherein at least one of the mark and the extra information includes a digital signature.

51. A method as in claim 50, wherein the digital signature is a function, at least in part, of one or more of the mark and the extra information.

52. A method as in claim 50, wherein a recipient of the computer code decodes at least one of the encrypted marks in the set of encrypted marks inserted into the computer code to create a set of decoded marks and checks one or more of the decoded marks in the set of decoded marks for the digital signature.

53. A method as in claim 45, further comprising combining the encrypted mark with plaintext information.

54. A method as in claim 53, wherein a recipient of the computer code decodes at least one of the one or more of the encrypted marks inserted into the computer code to create a set of decoded marks and

for each decoded mark in the set of decoded marks, the recipient identifies the extra information in the decoded mark;

and compares the extra information with the plaintext information.

55. A method for watermarking computer code, the method comprising:

mapping a set of payload information onto a first set of sparse space strings, wherein each sparse space string in the first set of sparse space strings is chosen randomly from a second set of sparse space strings;

inserting a sparse space string from the first set of sparse space strings into the computer code, and

distributing the computer code to a recipient,

wherein the recipient of the computer code;

extracts at least some of the inserted sparse space string from the computer code to form an extracted string, and

transmits the extracted string to a database operator, wherein the database operator;

identifies the sparse space string in the first set of sparse space strings associated with the extracted string,

retrieves the payload information mapped to the identified sparse space string, and

transmits the payload information to the recipient.

56. A method as in claim 55, wherein the number of sparse space strings in the second set of sparse space strings is at least 2¹⁰⁰⁰ times greater than the number of sparse space strings in the first set of sparse space strings.

57. A method as in claim 55, further comprising:

dividing the sparse space string to be inserted into the computer code into a sequence of subparts,

wherein inserting the sparse space string into the computer code further includes inserting each subpart of the sparse space string into the computer code, and

wherein extracting at least some of the inserted sparse space string further includes extracting at least one of the subparts in the sequence of subparts.

58. A method as in claim 57, wherein each subpart in the sequence of subparts is randomly inserted into the computer code.

59. A method as in claim 57, wherein one or more subparts in the sequence of subparts is inserted multiple times into the computer code.

60. A method as in claim 57, wherein one or more subparts in the sequence of subparts is inserted using error correction codes.

61. A method as in claim 57, wherein the extracted string contains less than all of the subparts of the inserted sparse space string.

62. A method as in claim 61, wherein the database operator uses one or more probability techniques to determine which sparse space string in the first set of sparse space strings corresponds to the extracted string.

63. A method as in claim 57, further comprising:

combining each subpart with one or more of position and signature information to create a modified subpart; and

encrypting each of the modified subparts.

64. A method as in claim 63, wherein the position information is used to construct the extracted string.