High Speed Bus for Isolated Data Acquisition Applications

• US 20080046627A1
• Filed: 06/29/2007
• Published: 02/21/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 08/21/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: National Instruments Corporation (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: National Instruments Corporation (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Castro, Rafael, Khan, Haider A.
• Granted Patent: US 7,644,207 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 710/313
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/4031 with arbitration
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

An isolated data acquisition device including a plurality of data acquisition channels, an isolated system management unit coupled to the data acquisition channels, a host system management unit, a serial bus coupled to the host system management unit and the isolated system management unit, and isolation circuitry coupled to the serial bus. The isolation circuitry electrically isolates the host system management unit from the isolated system management unit and the data acquisition channels. During operation, the isolated system management unit and the host system management unit may each store data associated with one or more pending bus transactions. Each of the system management units may select at least one of the pending bus transactions according to a predetermined priority scheme, encode and serialize the data associated with the selected bus transaction, and transmit the serialized data across the isolation circuitry to the other system management unit via the serial bus.

Claims

1. A data acquisition device comprising:

a plurality of data acquisition channels;

an isolated system management unit coupled to the data acquisition channels;

a host system management unit coupled to a host communication channel;

a serial bus coupled to the host system management unit and the isolated system management unit;

isolation circuitry coupled to the serial bus, wherein the isolation circuitry is configured to electrically isolate the host system management unit from the isolated system management unit and the data acquisition channels;

wherein the isolated system management unit and the host system management unit are each configured to store data associated with one or more pending bus transactions, wherein each of the system management units is further configured to select at least one of the pending bus transactions according to a predetermined priority based scheme, encode and serialize the data associated with the selected bus transaction, and transmit the serialized data across the isolation circuitry to the other system management unit via the serial bus.

2. The data acquisition device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of subsystems coupled to the data acquisition channels and configured to process data provided to the data acquisition device, wherein the isolated system management unit and the host system management unit are each configured to store data associated with one or more pending bus transactions involving one or more of the subsystems.

3. The data acquisition device of claim 2, wherein the plurality of subsystems include one or more analog input subsystems, analog output subsystems, digital input subsystems, and digital output subsystems.

4. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the host system management unit is configured to arbitrate between pending data streaming transactions and memory I/O transactions, and wherein the isolated system management unit is configured to arbitrate between pending data streaming transactions, interrupt transactions, and memory read transactions.

5. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the host system management unit is configured to receive data associated with a data request via the host communication channel, wherein, in response to the host system management unit selecting the data request according to a priority based scheme, the host system management unit is configured to encode and serialize the data associated with the data request to form a data request packet and transmit the data request packet to the isolated system management unit via the serial bus.

6. The data acquisition device of claim 5, wherein the host system management unit is configured to implement a token based data control mechanism to control an amount of data that is streamed from the isolated system management unit, wherein said encoding the data includes forming a data request packet including a token count and stream identification information.

7. The data acquisition device of claim 6, wherein, in response to receiving the data request packet, the isolated system management unit is configured to acquire data via one or more of the data acquisition channels, wherein the isolated system management unit is configured to stream an amount of acquired data corresponding to the token count specified in the data request packet.

8. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the isolated system management unit is configured to implement a token based data control mechanism to control the amount of data that is streamed from the host system management unit, wherein said the isolated system management unit is configured to form a data request packet including a token count and stream identification information, and transmit the data request packet to the host system management unit via the serial bus.

9. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the host system management unit is configured to receive data associated with a memory I/O transaction via the host communication channel, wherein, in response to the host system management unit selecting the memory I/O transaction according to a priority based scheme, the host system management unit is configured to encode and serialize the data associated with the memory I/O transaction to form a memory I/O packet and transmit the memory I/O packet to the isolated system management unit via the serial bus.

10. The data acquisition device of claim 9, wherein, in response to receiving the memory I/O packet, the isolated system management unit is configured to decode the memory I/O packet to determine whether to perform a memory read or memory write transaction.

11. The data acquisition device of claim 10, wherein, in response to determining that the memory I/O packet is associated with a memory write transaction, the isolated system management unit is configured to determine at least one memory write transaction is pending, wherein if at least one memory write transaction is pending, the isolated system management unit is configured to de-assert an I/O ready line to delay execution of additional memory write operations.

12. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the isolated system management unit is configured to receive data associated with an interrupt transaction via one or more of the data acquisition channels, wherein, in response to the isolated system management unit selecting the interrupt transaction according to a priority based scheme, the isolated system management unit is configured to encode and serialize the data associated with the interrupt transaction to form an interrupt packet and transmit the interrupt packet to the host system management unit via the serial bus.

13. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the host system management unit and the isolated system management unit each include a buffer for storing data associated with one or more pending bus transactions, and a bus arbitration unit for selecting, encoding, and serializing the stored data for transmission over the serial bus.

14. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the serial bus includes a plurality of transmission lines, wherein the isolation circuitry includes a corresponding plurality of isolation devices, wherein each of the isolation devices is coupled to a corresponding one of the transmission lines to isolate the host system management unit from the isolated system management unit and the data acquisition channels.

15. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the host system management unit and the isolated system management unit each include a buffer, coupled to the serial bus, for storing data associated with one or more pending bus transactions, wherein the isolated system management unit and the host system management unit are each configured to determine the number of available tokens to assign to the at least one selected bus transaction based on the space available in the buffer.

16. The data acquisition device of claim 1, wherein the isolated system management unit and the host system management unit are each configured to assign the available tokens based on the priority based scheme, wherein at least a portion of the available tokens are first assigned to the highest priority bus transaction, wherein if the corresponding system management unit has available tokens after assigning tokens to the highest priority bus transaction, at least a portion of the available tokens are assigned to the next highest priority bus transaction.

17. A method for processing data in an isolated data acquisition device, the method comprising:

providing a plurality of data acquisition channels;

providing an isolated system management unit coupled to the data acquisition channels;

providing a host system management unit coupled to a host communication channel;

providing a serial bus coupled to the host system management unit and the isolated system management unit;

providing isolation circuitry coupled to the serial bus to electrically isolate the host system management unit from the isolated system management unit and the data acquisition channels;

storing data associated with one or more pending bus transactions in the host system management unit or the isolated system management unit;

selecting at least one of the pending bus transactions using one of the system management units and according to a predetermined priority based scheme, encoding and serializing the data associated with the selected bus transaction, and transmitting the serialized data across the isolation circuitry to the other system management unit via the serial bus.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the host system management unit arbitrating between pending data streaming transactions and memory I/O transactions.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising the isolated system management unit arbitrating between pending data streaming transactions, interrupt transactions, and memory read transactions.

20. An isolated data acquisition device comprising:

a plurality of data processing subsystems;

a plurality of data acquisition channels;

an isolated system management unit coupled to the plurality of data processing subsystems via the data acquisition channels;

a host system management unit coupled to a host communication channel, wherein the host communication channel is configured to couple to a host computer system;

a serial bus coupled to the host system management unit and the isolated system management unit;

isolation circuitry coupled to the serial bus, wherein the isolation circuitry is configured to electrically isolate the host system management unit from the isolated system management unit and the data processing subsystems;

wherein the isolated system management unit and the host system management unit are each configured to store data associated with one or more pending bus transactions between the system management units, wherein each of the system management units is configured to select at least one of the pending bus transactions according to a predetermined priority based scheme, encode and serialize the data associated with the selected bus transaction to form a data packet, and transmit the data packet across the isolation circuitry to the other system management unit via the serial bus.

21. The isolated data acquisition device of claim 20, wherein the serial bus includes a plurality of transmission lines, wherein the isolation circuitry includes a corresponding plurality of isolation devices, wherein each of the isolation devices is coupled to a corresponding one of the transmission lines to isolate the host system management unit from the isolated system management unit and the data processing subsystems.