CONTROL STRATEGY TO PREVENT HUMIDITY CYCLING IN A FUEL CELL

• US 20080050626A1
• Filed: 08/24/2006
• Published: 02/28/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 08/24/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations Incorporated (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Inventors: Simbeck, Kilian, Maier, Oliver, Kallo, Josef, Kilian, Peter
• Granted Patent: US 7,829,228 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/22
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/006 of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04089 of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04395 of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04589 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04753 of fuel cell reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04828 Humidity; Water content
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0485 of the electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0494 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04992 characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A system and method for reducing RH cycling of the membranes in a fuel cell stack. A control algorithm damps a power request signal using a first order filter during low power transients so that the fuel cell stack continues generating power at a higher rate than is requested. The excess power generated by the stack is used to recharge a battery in the fuel cell system. The damped power signal is weighted so that more fuel cell stack power is provided for a low battery state of charge unless stack power is provided for a high battery state of charge.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system comprising:

a fuel cell stack;

a power source; and

a controller, responsive to a power request signal, said controller including a damping filter that damps the power request signal over a damping time during a low power transient and provides a damped power demand signal to the fuel cell stack that provides more power than the power request signal during the damping time.

2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller is further responsive to a power source state of charge signal, said controller including a state of charge weighting factor look-up table that provides a state of charge multiplier factor depending on the power source state of charge, said controller multiplying the weighting factor by the damped power demand signal to increase or decrease the damped power demand signal depending on the state of charge of the power source, wherein excess power generated by the fuel cell stack above the power request signal is used to charge the power source.

3. The system according to claim 2 wherein the multiplier factor is 1 if the power source state of charge is at an optimal state of charge, is greater than 1 if the power source state of charge is below the optimal state of charge and is less than 1 if the power source state of charge is greater than the optimal state of charge.

4. The system according to claim 2 wherein the state of charge weighting factor look-up table increases the damped power demand signal if the power source state of charge is less than an optimal state of charge and decreases the damped power demand signal if the power source state of charge is greater than the optimal state of charge.

5. The system according to claim 4 wherein the optimal state of charge is about 60%.

6. The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller further includes a filter set-point that sets the damping of the damping filter based on the amount of the power transient.

7. The system according to claim 1 wherein the damping filter is a first order filter.

8. The system according to claim 1 wherein the power source is a battery.

9. The system according to claim 1 wherein the system is on a hybrid fuel cell vehicle.

10. A hybrid fuel cell system comprising:

a fuel cell stack;

a battery; and

a controller responsive to a power request signal and a battery state of charge signal, said controller including a damping filter that damps the power request signal over a damping time during a low power transient and provides a damped power demand signal that provides more power than the power request signal during the damping time, said controller further including a state of charge weighting factor look-up table that provides a multiplier factor depending on the battery state of charge, said controller multiplying the weighting factor by the damped power demand signal to increase or decrease the damped power demand signal depending on the state of charge of the battery, wherein excess power generated by the fuel cell stack above the power request signal is used to charge the battery.

11. The system according to claim 10 wherein the multiplier factor is 1 if the battery state of charge is at an optimal state of charge, is greater than 1 if the battery state of charge is below the optimal state of charge and is less than 1 if the battery state of charge is greater than the optimal state of charge.

12. The system according to claim 10 wherein the state of charge weighting factor look-up table increases the damped power demand signal if the battery state of charge is less than an optimal state of charge and decreases the damped power demand signal if the battery state of charge is greater than the optimal state of charge.

13. The system according to claim 12 wherein the optimal state of charge is 60%.

14. The system according to claim 10 wherein the controller further includes a filter set-point that sets the damping of the damping filter based on the amount of the power transient.

15. The system according to claim 10 wherein the damping filter is a first order filter.

16. A fuel cell system comprising:

a fuel cell stack;

a compressor providing a cathode air flow to the fuel cell stack;

a flow meter for measuring the flow of the cathode air from the compressor to the fuel cell stack; and

a controller for controlling the output power of the fuel cell stack during low power transients, said controller providing a command to the compressor to provide the air flow required for a desired current density that provides a desired power request, said controller further calculating a cathode feedback stoichiometry based on the desired current density and the flow of air through the flow meter, said controller further calculating an intermediate current density that will maintain the cathode stoichiometry at a set-point for the desired current density, and said controller causing the fuel cell stack to generate the intermediate current density.

17. The system according to claim 16 wherein the controller continually calculates the intermediate current density based on the cathode air flow to the stack as the compressor decreases in speed during the low power transient.

18. The system according to claim 16 wherein the controller uses excess power generated by the stack during a low power transient to charge the battery.

19. The system according to claim 16 wherein the controller uses the equation:

20. The system according to claim 16 wherein the controller uses the equation:

21. A method for providing a power demand signal to a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, said method comprising:

operating the fuel cell stack at a higher power than a desired power request during a low power transient; and

using the excess stack power to charge a battery.

22. The method according to claim 21 wherein operating the fuel cell stack at a high power than a desired power request includes damping a power request signal during the low power transient over a damping time so that the fuel cell stack provides more power than the power request signal during the damping time, and weighting the damped power request signal depending on the state of charge of the battery.

23. The method according to claim 22 wherein damping the power request signal includes using a first order filter.

24. The method according to claim 22 wherein weighting the damped power request signal includes multiplying the damped power request signal by a value greater than 1 if the battery state of charge is less than an optimal state of charge and multiplying the power request signal by a value less than 1 if the battery state of charge is greater than the optimal state of charge.

25. The method according to claim 22 wherein damping the power request signal includes changing a filter set-point that sets the damping of a damping filter depending on the amount of the power transient.

26. The method according to claim 21 wherein operating the fuel cell stack at a higher power than a desired power request includes providing a command to a compressor to provide an air flow required for a desired current density that provides a desired power request, calculating a cathode feedback stoichiometry based on the desired current density and the flow of air through a flow meter, calculating an intermediate current density that will maintain the cathode stoichiometry at a set-point for the desired current density, and causing the fuel cell stack to generate the intermediate current density.

27. The method according to claim 26 wherein calculating an intermediate current density includes continually calculating the intermediate current density based on the cathode air flow to the stack as the compressor decreases in speed during the low power transient.