Implementation of backward compatible XML schema evolution

• US 20080082560A1
• Filed: 09/28/2006
• Published: 04/03/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Oracle International Corporation (Oracle Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Oracle International Corporation (Oracle Corporation)
• Inventors: Sedlar, Eric, Baby, Thomas, Agrawal, Abhyudaya, Idicula, Sam, Murthy, Ravi, Agarwal, Nipun
• Granted Patent: US 7,870,163 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 707/101
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/143 Markup, e.g. Standard Generalized Markup Language [SGML] or Document Type Definition [DTD]

Abstract

In-place XML schema evolution occurs by evaluating an existing XML schema in a database system to see if it is compatible with a new XML schema. To determine if the old schema is compatible with the new schema, a lock-step traversal is performed on the two schemas. Each instruction in the old schema is compared to instructions in the new schema. Detected differences between the two schemas are evaluated to determine if existing XML documents are still compatible with the new schema. If they are, then an in-place schema evolution operation can take place. The in-place schema operation basically, involves appending the updated object information to the underlying object type and preserving the order of elements in a document by storing element mapping information on disk.

Claims

1. A method performing a machine-executed operation involving instructions,

wherein the machine-executed operation is at least one of:

A) sending said instructions over transmission media;

B) receiving said instructions over transmission media;

C) storing said instructions onto a machine-readable storage medium; and

D) executing the instructions;

wherein said instructions are instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of;

storing a set of documents associated with a schema in a database, wherein the database includes base database structures corresponding to elements in the set of documents;

modifying the schema;

determining if the set of stored documents in the database is compatible with the modified schema; and

if the set of stored documents in the database is compatible with the modified schema, modifying the database to reflect the changes to the schema.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions for:

determining if the updated schema affects the ordering of elements within the schema; and

if the updated schema changes the ordering of elements within the schema, updating the element ordering in the database.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the database structure includes a positional descriptor column.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the positional descriptor column stores a set of kidnum values in an ordered list, wherein each kidnum in the set of kidnum values is uniquely mapped to an attribute in the set of attributes.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the element ordering is added to the updated schema as an annotation.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein each kidnum in the set of kidnum values is mapped to a propnum.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the schema includes adding a new element to the schema.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the adding the new element includes determining a kidnum value for the new element.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the kidnum value for the new element comprises a value greater than the highest kidnum value associated with a kidnum value for each of the attributes in the set of attributes.

10. The method of claim 9, the kidnum value for the new element comprises a value greater than the highest kidnum value associated with a kidnum value for each of the attributes in the set of attributes associated with a complex type hierarchy.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining if the set of stored document in the database is compatible with the modified schema includes identifying whether the modification to the schema executes in constant time.

12. A computer-readable storage medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the steps of:

storing a set of documents associated with a schema in a database, wherein the database includes base database structures corresponding to elements in the set of documents;

modifying the schema;

determining if the set of stored documents in the database is compatible with the modified schema; and

if the set of stored documents in the database is compatible with the modified schema, modifying the database to reflect the changes to the schema.

13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions for:

determining if the updated schema affects the ordering of elements within the schema; and

if the updated schema changes the ordering of elements within the schema, updating the element ordering in the database structure.

14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the database structure includes a positional descriptor column.

15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the positional descriptor column stores a set of kidnum values in an ordered list, wherein each kidnum in the set of kidnum values is uniquely mapped to an attribute in the set of attributes.

16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the element ordering is added to the updated schema as an annotation.

17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein each kidnum in the set of kidnum values is mapped to a propnum.

18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein updating the schema includes adding a new element to the schema.

19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the adding the new element includes determining a kidnum value for the new element.

20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the kidnum value for the new element comprises a value greater than the highest kidnum value associated with a kidnum value for each of the attributes in the set of attributes.

21. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, the kidnum value for the new element comprises a value greater than the highest kidnum value associated with a kidnum value for each of the attributes in the set of attributes associated with a complex type hierarchy.

22. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein determining if the set of stored document in the database is compatible with the modified schema includes identifying whether the modification to the schema executes in constant time.