Gas Conditioning Method and Apparatus for the Recovery of LPG/NGL(C2+) From LNG

• US 20080083246A1
• Filed: 10/05/2007
• Published: 04/10/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: IHI E&C International Corporation (IHI Corporation)
• Original Assignee: AKER Kvaerner Incorporated
• Inventors: SHAH, Kamal, JOSHI, Girish
• Granted Patent: US 8,499,581 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 62/630
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/70 Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/76 Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/08 Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/02 Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2245/02 Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0214 Liquefied natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0238 separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0242 separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more

Abstract

A method and apparatus for conditioning imported liquefied natural gas to conform to a particular pipeline heating value specification and recovery of liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas liquids from liquefied natural gas are disclosed. An input stream containing liquefied natural gas is split into a direct stream and a bypass stream. The direct stream is heated in a cross-exchanger to produce a heated rich liquefied natural gas stream, which is split into a primary column feed and a secondary column feed. At least a major portion of the secondary column feed is vaporized to produce a vaporized secondary column feed, which is expanded in an expander to produce a vaporized and expanded secondary column feed. A top feed, the primary column feed, and the vaporized and expanded secondary column feed are fractionated to produce an overhead product stream and a bottom product stream. The overhead product stream is compressed in a compressor coupled to the expander. At least a major portion of the compressed overhead product stream is condensed by cooling in the cross-exchanger to produce a compressed and condensed overhead product stream. A reflux stream of at least one of the compressed and condensed overhead product stream or an output stream is directed to a top of the fractionation unit as the top feed. The bypass stream is mixed with a balance stream of the compressed and condensed overhead product stream to produce the output stream, which is vaporized to produce a conditioned natural gas product.

Claims

1. A method for recovery of liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas liquids from liquefied natural gas, the method comprising:

splitting an input stream comprising substantially rich liquefied natural gas into a direct stream and a bypass stream;

heating said direct stream in a cross-exchanger to produce a heated rich liquefied natural gas stream;

splitting said heated rich liquefied natural gas into a primary column feed and a secondary column feed;

vaporizing at least a major portion of said secondary column feed in a vaporizer to produce a vaporized secondary column feed;

expanding said vaporized secondary column feed in an expander to produce a vaporized and expanded secondary column feed;

fractionating a top feed, said primary column feed, and said vaporized and expanded secondary column feed in a fractionation unit to produce an overhead product stream and a bottom product stream;

compressing said overhead product stream in a compressor which is coupled to said expander to produce a compressed overhead product stream;

condensing at least a major portion of said compressed overhead product stream by cooling said compressed overhead product stream in said cross-exchanger to produce a compressed and condensed overhead product stream;

directing a reflux stream of at least one of said compressed and condensed overhead product stream or an output stream to a top of said fractionation unit as said top feed;

mixing said bypass stream with a balance stream of said compressed and condensed overhead product stream to produce said output stream; and

vaporizing said output stream to produce a conditioned natural gas suitable for delivery to a pipeline or for commercial use.

2. The method of claim 1, comprising further:

diverting a portion of said heated rich liquefied natural gas stream into an optional bypass stream; and

mixing said optional bypass stream with said balance portion of said compressed and condensed overhead product stream and said bypass stream of said input stream to produce said output stream.

3. The method of claim 1, comprising further:

depressurizing said primary column feed with a control valve to produce a depressurized primary column feed.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said expander expands said vaporized secondary column feed to a pressure in a range of 300 psig to 370 psig.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein said control valve depressurizes said primary column feed to a pressure in a range of 300 psig to 370 psig.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said compressor compresses said overhead product stream to a pressure in a range of 485 psig to 520 psig.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said fractionation unit has an operational pressure in a range of 300 psig to 370 psig.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding heat to a bottom re-boil stream from said fractionation unit and re-injecting said bottom re-boil stream into said fractionation unit with a re-boiler.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said re-boiler has a low re-boil temperature.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said re-boiler is coupled to a low temperature heating medium.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein said heating medium comprises water.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said heating medium comprises seawater.

13. An apparatus for recovery of liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas liquids from liquefied natural gas, comprising:

a fractionation unit for fractionating a top feed, a primary column feed, and a vaporized and expanded secondary column feed and producing an overhead product stream and a bottom product stream;

a diverter for splitting an input stream comprising substantially rich liquefied natural gas into a direct stream and a bypass stream;

a compressor for compressing said overhead product stream and producing a compressed overhead product stream;

a cross-exchanger receiving said direct stream and heating said direct stream to produce a heated rich liquefied natural gas stream while condensing at least a major portion of said compressed overhead product stream to produce a compressed and condensed overhead product stream;

a diverter for splitting said heated rich liquefied natural gas into said primary column feed and a secondary column feed;

a vaporizer for vaporizing at least a major portion of said secondary column feed and producing a vaporized secondary column feed;

an expander coupled to said compressor for expanding said vaporized secondary column feed and producing said vaporized and expanded secondary column feed;

a diverter for directing a reflux stream of at least one of said compressed and condensed overhead product stream or an output stream to a top of said fractionation unit as said top feed;

a mixer for mixing a bypass stream of said rich liquefied natural gas with a balance stream of said compressed and condensed overhead product stream to produce said output stream; and

an output vaporizer for vaporizing said output stream to produce a conditioned natural gas suitable for delivery to a pipeline or for commercial use.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein:

said diverter diverts a portion of said heated rich liquefied natural gas stream into an optional bypass stream; and

said mixer mixes said optional bypass stream with said balance portion of said condensed and compressed overhead product stream and said bypass stream of said input stream to produce an output stream.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:

a control valve for depressurizing said primary column feed to produce a depressurized primary column feed.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said expander expands said vaporized secondary column feed to a pressure in a range of 300 psig to 370 psig.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said control valve depressurizes said primary column feed to a pressure in a range of 300 psig to 370 psig.

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said compressor compresses said overhead product stream to a pressure in a range of 485 psig to 520 psig.

19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said fractionation unit has an operational pressure in a range of 300 psig to 370 psig.

20. The apparatus of claim 13, comprising further a re-boiler adding heat to a bottom re-boil stream from said fractionation unit and re-injecting said bottom re-boil stream into said fractionation unit.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said re-boiler has a low re-boil temperature.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said re-boiler is coupled to a low temperature heating medium.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said heating medium comprises water.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said heating medium comprises seawater.