Folded edge seal for reduced cost fuel cell

• US 20080107944A1
• Filed: 11/03/2006
• Published: 05/08/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/2006
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations Incorporated (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Inventors: Goebel, Steven G.
• Application Number:
  US11/592,939
• Publication Number:
  US 20080107944A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/26
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/1095 Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/20 Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0258 characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0267 having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0271 Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04007 related to heat exchange
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04059 Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/241 with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2483 characterised by internal manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2484 characterised by external manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A technique for sealing the edges of fuel cells in a fuel cell stack that employs folding over the edge of bipolar plates. For those bipolar plates include both an anode side uni-polar plate and a cathode side uni-polar plate, one or both of the edges of the uni-polar plates can be folded. The folds can be provided to accommodate a tunnel between a flow header and flow channels in the active area, where the anode uni-polar plate is typically folded for the anode flow headers and the cathode uni-polar plate is typically folded for the cathode flow headers.

Claims

1. A fuel cell stack including a plurality of stacked fuel cells, each fuel cell including an active area, said fuel cell stack comprising:

a plurality of membranes where each fuel cell in the stack includes a membrane;

a plurality of diffusion media layers where each fuel cell includes an anode side diffusion media layer at an anode side of the fuel cell and a cathode side diffusion media layer at a cathode side of the fuel cell;

a plurality of bipolar plates positioned between the fuel cells in the stack adjacent to the diffusion media layers, said bipolar plates including anode flow channels facing the anode side diffusion media layer and cathode flow channels facing the cathode side diffusion media layer;

an anode inlet header directing an anode reactant gas flow to the anode flow channels;

an anode outlet header receiving the reactant gas flow from the anode flow channels;

a cathode inlet header directing a cathode reactant gas flow to the cathode flow channels;

a cathode outlet header receiving the cathode reactant gas flow from the cathode flow channels; and

seals provided around the active area of the fuel cells and between the active area and the headers, said seals being formed by folding an edge of the bipolar plate.

2. The stack according to claim 1 wherein each bipolar plate includes an anode side uni-polar plate and a cathode side uni-polar plate.

3. The stack according to claim 2 wherein the edges of both the anode side plate and the cathode side plate are folded to provide the seal.

4. The stack according to claim 2 wherein only the edge of the anode side plate is folded to provide the seal.

5. The stack according to claim 2 wherein only the edge of the cathode side plate is folded to provide the seal.

6. The stack according to claim 2 wherein only the edge of the anode side plate is folded to provide a tunnel for the anode gas reactant gas flow between the anode inlet header and the active region and the anode outlet header and the active region.

7. The stack according to claim 2 wherein only the edge of the cathode side plate is folded to provide a tunnel for the cathode gas reactant flow between the cathode inlet header and the active area and the cathode outlet header and the active area.

8. The stack according to claim 2 further comprising a cooling fluid inlet header directing a cooling fluid to cooling fluid flow channels and a cooling fluid outlet header receiving the cooling fluid from the cooling fluid flow channels, said cathode side and anode side plates defining cooling fluid flow channels therebetween, wherein the edges of both the cathode side and anode side plates are folded to provide the seal and a tunnel between the cooling fluid inlet header and the active region and the cooling fluid outlet header and the active region.

9. The stack according to claim 2 further comprising shims at the seal to define the seal thickness.

10. The stack according to claim 2 wherein only the edge of one of the cathode side plate or the anode side plate is folded, and wherein the fold is a double fold.

11. The stack according to claim 10 wherein the double fold includes a tab that extends outside of the stack.

12. The stack according to claim 1 further comprising a cooling fluid inlet header directing a cooling fluid to cooling fluid flow channels and a cooling fluid outlet header receiving the cooling fluid from the cooling fluid flow channels, said cathode side and an anode side plates defining cooling fluid flow channels therebetween, wherein the edge of one or both the cathode side plate or the anode side plate is folded to provide the seal, and wherein the cooling fluid inlet header and the cooling fluid outlet header are positioned at corners of the active area to cover the corners and collect cooling fluid leaks.

13. The stack according to claim 1 further comprising corners covers at one or more of the corners of the active area to prevent leaks that might otherwise occur as a result of the folds.

14. The stack according to claim 1 wherein each bipolar plate is a single plate defining the cathode flow channels on one side of the plate and the anode flow channels on an opposite side of the plate.

15. The stack according to claim 14 wherein one or both of the diffusion media layers on either side of the bipolar plate extend across the seal area, and are filled with a fill material at the seal.

16. The stack according to claim 14 wherein the edge of the single plate is folded in a double fold.

17. The stack according to claim 14 wherein the edge of the single plate is folded in a manner to provide a tunnel between the anode inlet header and the anode flow channels, a tunnel between the anode outlet header and the anode flow channels, a tunnel between the cathode inlet header and the cathode flow channels and a tunnel between the cathode outlet header and the cathode flow channels.

18. The stack according to claim 14 further comprising shims at the seal to define the seal thickness.

19. The stack according to claim 14 wherein the folded edge of the single plate has a hole extending therethrough to provide flow between one of the headers and the flow channels.

20. A bipolar plate for a fuel cell, said bipolar plate comprising:

a cathode side uni-polar plate defining cathode flow channels; and

an anode side uni-polar plate defining anode flow channels, where cooling fluid flow channels are defined between the cathode side and anode side uni-polar plates, and wherein one or both of an edge of the cathode or anode side bipolar plates are folded over to define a seal at an edge of the fuel cell.

21. The bipolar plate according to claim 20 wherein only the edge of the anode side plate is folded to provide a tunnel for an anode gas reactant flow between an anode inlet header and a fuel cell active region and an anode outlet header and the fuel cell active region.

22. The bipolar plate according to claim 20 wherein only the edge of the cathode side plate is folded to provide a tunnel for a cathode gas reactant flow between a cathode inlet header and a fuel cell active area and a cathode outlet header and the fuel cell active area.

23. The bipolar plate according to claim 20 wherein the edges of both the cathode side and anode side plates are folded to provide the seal and a tunnel between a cooling fluid inlet header and a fuel cell active region and a cooling fluid outlet header and the fuel cell active region.

24. The bipolar plate according to claim 20 wherein only the edge of one of the cathode side plate or the anode side plate is folded, and wherein the fold is a double fold.

25. The bipolar plate according to claim 24 wherein the double fold includes an extending tab.

26. A bipolar plate for a fuel cell, said bipolar plate being a single plate and including anode flow channels on one side of the plate and cathode flow channels on an opposite side of the plate, wherein an edge of the bipolar plate is folded over to define a seal at an edge of the fuel cell.

27. The bipolar plate according to claim 26 wherein the edge of the plate is folded in a double fold.

28. The bipolar plate according to claim 26 wherein the edge of the plate is folded so as to provide a tunnel between an anode inlet header and the anode flow channels, a tunnel between an anode outlet header and the anode flow channels, a tunnel between a cathode inlet header and the cathode flow channels and a tunnel between a cathode outlet header and the cathode flow channels.

29. The bipolar plate according to claim 26 wherein the folded edge of the plate has a hole extending therethrough to provide flow between a header and the flow channels.